Health-based screening levels to evaluate US geological survey ground water quality data
Health-based screening levels to evaluate US geological survey ground water quality data
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00805.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Norman, Julia E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toccalino, Patricia L.;Norman, Julia E.
对于美国地质调查局国家水质评估计划分析的许多污染物，联邦和州的饮用水标准和指南并不存在，限制了评估水质调查结果与人类健康的潜在相关性的能力。作为为期六年的多机构试点研究的一部分，合作开发了基于健康的筛查水平 (HBSL)，以补充现有的饮用水标准和指南。该试点研究的重点是在新泽西州地下水是主要饮用水源的地区处理或混合之前收集的地下水样本。本文介绍了 HBSL 的开发方式，并演示了 HBSL 作为评估人类健康背景下水质数据的工具的用途。 HBSL 使用标准美国环境保护局 (USEPA) 方法和毒性信息进行计算。在没有现有 USEPA 饮用水标准或指南的情况下，针对 32 种污染物中的 12 种计算了新的 HBSL，从而增加了符合人类健康基准的不受管制污染物（没有最高污染物水平 (MCL) 的污染物）的数量。在检测到的 78 种具有人类健康基准的污染物中，有 70 种的浓度低于 MCL 或 HBSL，其中包括具有新 HBSL 的所有 12 种污染物，这表明大多数污染物浓度不存在潜在的人类健康问题。 HBSLs were applied to a state-scale groundwater data set in this study, but HBSLs also may be applied to regional and national evaluations of water-quality data. HBSL 满足了联邦、州和地方机构、自来水公司以及其他寻求在没有饮用水标准或指南的情况下评估污染物发生情况的工具的迫切需求。
Federal and state drinking-water standards and guidelines do not exist for many contaminants analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, limiting the ability to evaluate the potential human-health relevance of water-quality findings. Health-based screening levels (HBSLs) were developed collaboratively to supplement existing drinking-water standards and guidelines as part of a six-year, multi-agency pilot study. The pilot study focused on ground water samples collected prior to treatment or blending in areas of New Jersey where groundwater is the principal source of drinking water. This article describes how HBSLs were developed and demonstrates the use of HBSLs as a tool for evaluating water-quality data in a human-health context. HBSLs were calculated using standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methodologies and toxicity information. New HBSLs were calculated for 12 of 32 contaminants without existing USEPA drinking-water standards or guidelines, increasing the number of unregulated contaminants (those without maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)) with human-health benchmarks. Concentrations of 70 of the 78 detected contaminants with human-health benchmarks were less than MCLs or HBSLs, including all 12 contaminants with new HBSLs, suggesting that most contaminant concentrations were not of potential human-health concern. HBSLs were applied to a state-scale groundwater data set in this study, but HBSLs also may be applied to regional and national evaluations of water-quality data. HBSLs fulfill a critical need for federal, state, and local agencies, water utilities, and others who seek tools for evaluating the occurrence of contaminants without drinking-water standards or guidelines.