ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT - A REEMERGING VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGY
ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT - A REEMERGING VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGY
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.35
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
AULT, SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
AULT, SK
病媒控制可以通过环境管理来实现，环境管理包括永久或长期改变环境、临时或季节性操纵环境，以及改变或改变我们的生活方式和做法，以减少人类与传染病媒的接触。本文的主要焦点是EM在控制人类疟疾、丝虫病、虫媒病毒、恰加斯病和血吸虫病中的应用。现代EM发展为一门学科，主要基于生态原则和从农村发展项目的不利环境影响中吸取的教训。通过提供安全供水、适当的卫生设施、固体废物管理设施、污水和排泄物处理系统、水坝和灌溉系统的水处理、通过动物预防转移病媒以及通过改善住房排除病媒等策略进行了讨论，并列举了适当的例子。疟疾、丝虫病、南美锥虫病和血吸虫病的传播媒介已通过排水或填充水产养殖场、改善住房和卫生、使用发泡聚苯乙烯珠、动物防疫或提供家庭供水得到控制。在墨西哥和多米尼加共和国，社区参与有效地抑制了登革热病媒。EM单独使用或与其他病媒控制方法结合使用，已在许多地方被证明是一种成功的病媒控制方法。EM在病媒控制中的未来看起来很有希望。
Vector control may be accomplished by environmental management (EM), which consists of permanent or long-term modification of the environment, temporary or seasonal manipulation of the environment, and modifying or changing our life styles and practices to reduce human contact with infective vectors. The primary focus of this paper is EM in the control of human malaria, filariasis, arboviruses, Chagas' disease, and schistosomiasis. Modern EM developed as a discipline based primarily in ecologic principles and lessons learned from the adverse environmental impacts of rural development projects. Strategies such as the suppression of vector populations through the provision of safe water supplies, proper sanitation, solid waste management facilities, sewerage and excreta disposal systems, water manipulation in dams and irrigation systems, vector diversion by zooprophylaxis, and vector exclusion by improved housing, are discussed with appropriate examples. Vectors of malaria, filariasis, Chagas' disease, and schistosomiasis have been controlled by drainage or filling aquatic breeding sites, improved housing and sanitation, the use of expanded polystyrene beads, zooprophylaxis, or the provision of household water supplies. Community participation has been effective in the suppression of dengue vectors in Mexico and the Dominican Republic. Alone or combined with other vector control methods, EM has been proven to be a successful approach to vector control in a number of places. The future of EM in vector control looks promising.