Virus evolution reveals an exclusive role for LEDGF/p75 in chromosomal tethering of HIV.

Virus evolution reveals an exclusive role for LEDGF/p75 in chromosomal tethering of HIV.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.0030047
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发表时间:
2007-03
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Debyser Z
Debyser Z
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hombrouck A;De Rijck J;Hendrix J;Vandekerckhove L;Voet A;De Maeyer M;Witvrouw M;Engelborghs Y;Christ F;Gijsbers R;Debyser Z

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根据定义,逆转录病毒将其病毒基因组插入宿主细胞染色体中。尽管逆转录病毒整合的关键参与者是病毒整合酶,但已经提出了细胞辅助因子的作用。慢病毒整合酶使用细胞蛋白 LEDGF/p75 将整合前复合物连接到染色体上,尽管已经提出存在替代整合中 LEDGF/p75 功能的替代宿主蛋白。缺乏染色体附着位点的 LEDGF/p75 截短突变体通过竞争与整合酶的相互作用来强烈抑制 HIV 复制。为了选择能够克服抑制作用的 HIV 毒株,我们现在使用了稳定表达 LEDGF/p75 C 末端片段的 T 细胞系。尽管出现耐药性,但整合酶对 LEDGF/p75 的亲和力会降低,并且人原代 T 细胞的复制动力学会受到损害。 LEDGF/p75-整合酶界面关键位置的整合酶突变 A128T 和 E170G 的检测为先前报道的晶体学数据提供了体内证据。此外,LEDGF/p75 敲低和整合酶-LEDGF/p75 界面处诱变的互补抑制表明,HIV 在原病毒整合过程中无法规避 LEDGF/p75 功能。总而言之,这些数据提供了病毒分子进化力量的一个引人注目的例子。结果强调了 LEDGF/p75 HIV-1 相互作用作为创新抗病毒治疗靶标的重要性。此外,LEDGF/p75 在靶向整合中的作用将刺激对将基因治疗载体引导至安全着陆位点的策略的研究。病毒的基因组有限,因此利用受感染宿主细胞的细胞机制来完成复制周期。如今,人们越来越有兴趣解开这些病毒与宿主的相互作用。慢病毒整合酶使用细胞蛋白 LEDGF/p75 将预整合复合物连接到染色体上,尽管有人提出存在替代 LEDGF/p75 功能的替代宿主蛋白。在这里,我们利用病毒进化来研究 LEDGF/p75 在 HIV 整合和复制中的作用和重要性。我们选择了一种能够抵抗 LEDGF/p75 整合酶结合域过度表达的病毒。该病毒对其自身辅因子的亲和力降低,但仍依赖于辅因子进行复制。我们证明了 LEDGF/p75 在 HIV 复制中的独特而重要的作用,并支持 LEDGF/p75 HIV-1 相互作用作为创新抗病毒治疗的靶点。此外,阐明 LEDGF/p75 在靶向整合中的作用将促进对将基因治疗载体引导至安全着陆位点的策略的研究。
Retroviruses by definition insert their viral genome into the host cell chromosome. Although the key player of retroviral integration is viral integrase, a role for cellular cofactors has been proposed. Lentiviral integrases use the cellular protein LEDGF/p75 to tether the preintegration complex to the chromosome, although the existence of alternative host proteins substituting for the function of LEDGF/p75 in integration has been proposed. Truncation mutants of LEDGF/p75 lacking the chromosome attachment site strongly inhibit HIV replication by competition for the interaction with integrase. In an attempt to select HIV strains that can overcome the inhibition, we now have used T-cell lines that stably express a C-terminal fragment of LEDGF/p75. Despite resistance development, the affinity of integrase for LEDGF/p75 is reduced and replication kinetics in human primary T cells is impaired. Detection of the integrase mutations A128T and E170G at key positions in the LEDGF/p75–integrase interface provides in vivo evidence for previously reported crystallographic data. Moreover, the complementary inhibition by LEDGF/p75 knockdown and mutagenesis at the integrase–LEDGF/p75 interface points to the incapability of HIV to circumvent LEDGF/p75 function during proviral integration. Altogether, the data provide a striking example of the power of viral molecular evolution. The results underline the importance of the LEDGF/p75 HIV-1 interplay as target for innovative antiviral therapy. Moreover, the role of LEDGF/p75 in targeting integration will stimulate research on strategies to direct gene therapy vectors into safe landing sites. Viruses have a limited genome and therefore exploit the cellular machinery of infected host cells to complete the replication cycle. Today there is a growing interest to unravel these virus–host interactions. Lentiviral integrases use the cellular protein LEDGF/p75 to tether the preintegration complex to the chromosome, although the existence of alternative host proteins substituting for the function of LEDGF/p75 has been proposed. Here, we used virus evolution to investigate the role and importance of LEDGF/p75 in HIV integration and replication. We selected a virus that is resistant against overexpression of the integrase binding domain of LEDGF/p75. This virus displays a reduced affinity for its own cofactor but still depends on the cofactor for replication. We demonstrate the unique and essential role of LEDGF/p75 in HIV replication and support the LEDGF/p75 HIV-1 interplay as target for innovative antiviral therapy. Moreover, elucidation of the role of LEDGF/p75 in targeting integration will stimulate research on strategies to direct gene therapy vectors into safe landing sites.
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