Genetic History of Xinjiang's Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple-Way Contacts in Eurasia
Genetic History of Xinjiang's Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple-Way Contacts in Eurasia
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新疆维吾尔族的遗传史表明青铜时代与欧亚大陆的多向接触。
DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msx177
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Xu, Shuhua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng, Qidi;Lu, Yan;Xu, Shuhua
生活在新疆的维吾尔族是了解欧亚大陆人类散布历史的关键民族。新疆位于中国的西端，是丝绸之路的十字路口。在这里，我们评估了新疆维吾尔族(XJU)代表14个地理亚群的951名维吾尔族的遗传结构和祖先。我们观察到了XJU内部的西南和东北分化，这种分化可能是由天山山脉共同塑造的，天山山脉作为天然屏障从东向西横穿，基因从东向西两个方向流动。在XJU，我们确定了四个主要的祖先成分，它们可能来自两个较早的混合群体：一个来自西方，拥有欧洲人(25%-37%)和南亚人(12%-20%)的祖先，另一个来自东方，具有西伯利亚人(15%-17%)和东亚人(29%-47%)的祖先。利用一种新发展的多波方法，将XJU的复杂混合过程模拟为两波混合。一个古老的海浪可以追溯到3750年前(雅)，这比以前的研究估计的要早得多，但符合在位于新疆南部的塔里木盆地发现的具有欧洲特征的木乃伊的测年范围(4000-2000年)；另一次更近的浪潮发生在750年左右，这与最近使用其他方法进行的一项研究的估计一致。我们揭示了XJU的祖先起源和混血史比之前报道的更复杂的情景，这进一步表明青铜时代欧亚大陆的大规模迁徙和跨越丝绸之路的东西方接触。
The Uyghur people residing in Xinjiang, a territory located in the far west of China and crossed by the Silk Road, are a key ethnic group for understanding the history of human dispersion in Eurasia. Here we assessed the genetic structure and ancestry of 951 Xinjiang's Uyghurs (XJU) representing 14 geographical subpopulations. We observed a southwest and northeast differentiation within XJU, which was likely shaped jointly by the Tianshan Mountains, which traverses from east to west as a natural barrier, and gene flow from both east and west directions. In XJU, we identified four major ancestral components that were potentially derived from two earlier admixed groups: one from the West, harboring European (25-37%) and South Asian ancestries (12-20%), and the other from the East, with Siberian (15-17%) and East Asian (29-47%) ancestries. By using a newly developed method, MultiWaver, the complex admixture history of XJU was modeled as a two-wave admixture. An ancient wave was dated back to similar to 3,750 years ago (ya), which is much earlier than that estimated by previous studies, but fits within the range of dating of mummies that exhibited European features that were discovered in the Tarim basin, which is situated in southern Xinjiang (4,000-2,000 ya); amore recent wave occurred around 750 ya, which is in agreement with the estimate from a recent study using other methods. We unveiled a more complex scenario of ancestral origins and admixture history in XJU than previously reported, which further suggests Bronze Age massive migrations in Eurasia and East-West contacts across the Silk Road.