Nanotechnology approaches to crossing the blood-brain barrier and drug delivery to the CNS.
Nanotechnology approaches to crossing the blood-brain barrier and drug delivery to the CNS.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2202-9-s3-s4
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发表时间：
2008-12-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Silva GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silva GA
纳米技术是在纳米（十亿分之一米）尺度上至少具有一个维度的功能组织的材料和器件，范围从几纳米到大约100纳米。纳米工程材料和设备一般用于生物和医学，特别是神经科学，其设计基本上是为了在分子水平上与细胞及其组织进行接口和相互作用。纳米技术应用于中枢神经系统（CNS）的一个特别重要的领域是开发药物和其他小分子（如基因、寡核苷酸和造影剂）通过血脑屏障（BBB）的技术和方法。血脑屏障保护和隔离中枢神经系统结构（即脑和脊髓）与身体其他部分，并创造一个独特的生化和免疫环境。临床上，在许多情况下，药物或其他小分子需要在全身给药后进入中枢神经系统，这就需要能够穿过血脑屏障。纳米技术可以被设计成一次执行多种特定功能，或者按照预定的顺序执行，这是临床成功地向中枢神经系统递送和使用药物和其他分子的重要要求，因此与其他互补技术和方法相比，纳米技术具有独特的优势。本文简要介绍了这一领域的新工作，并总结了一些在中枢神经系统癌症、基因治疗和镇痛方面的应用实例。
Nanotechnologies are materials and devices that have a functional organization in at least one dimension on the nanometer (one billionth of a meter) scale, ranging from a few to about 100 nanometers. Nanoengineered materials and devices aimed at biologic applications and medicine in general, and neuroscience in particular, are designed fundamentally to interface and interact with cells and their tissues at the molecular level. One particularly important area of nanotechnology application to the central nervous system (CNS) is the development of technologies and approaches for delivering drugs and other small molecules such as genes, oligonucleotides, and contrast agents across the blood brain barrier (BBB). The BBB protects and isolates CNS structures (i.e. the brain and spinal cord) from the rest of the body, and creates a unique biochemical and immunological environment. Clinically, there are a number of scenarios where drugs or other small molecules need to gain access to the CNS following systemic administration, which necessitates being able to cross the BBB. Nanotechnologies can potentially be designed to carry out multiple specific functions at once or in a predefined sequence, an important requirement for the clinically successful delivery and use of drugs and other molecules to the CNS, and as such have a unique advantage over other complimentary technologies and methods. This brief review introduces emerging work in this area and summarizes a number of example applications to CNS cancers, gene therapy, and analgesia.