Can We Say More about Factual Discourse?
Can We Say More about Factual Discourse?
复制标题
我们可以更多地谈论事实话语吗？
DOI：
10.1111/j.1933-1592.2007.00026.x
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
SMITH B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SMITH B
至少在语言哲学家中，当且仅当现实是句子所描述的那样时，句子才是真的，这应该被视为最普通的常识。然而，正如斯蒂芬·尼尔在《面对事实》一书中详细说明的那样，（牛津大学出版社，2001年）相当精确和谨慎，尼尔审查了那些主张和那些反对主张的人的承诺，认为一个句子代表世界上的一种情况或事态，或者说，一个真实的句子对应于一个事实，或者说被一个事实所真实。尼尔的仔细检查的结果不仅在一个明确的和令人印象深刻的帐户的各种崩溃的论点对事实，已被称为弹弓，但也产生了洞察的潜在哲学动机的那些谁挥舞弹弓的论点。这些探索中最令人印象深刻的方面之一是尼尔对唐纳德·戴维森语义学计划的逻辑和形而上学基础的透彻介绍：多年来尼尔和戴维森之间关于后者工作性质的富有成效的交流达到了高潮。可悲的是，尼尔的章节被认为是这些交流的最后一个词，但值得庆幸的是，它是我们迄今为止对戴维森语义理论细节的最好和最详尽的描述。我将在下面的评论中集中讨论这一章的部分内容。在第二章的最后，尼尔探讨了现实主义和再现，客观性和真理的相关主题。他试图说明为什么，以及在什么意义上，戴维森是一个现实主义者，尽管他已经放弃了作为真实句子的世俗相关物的事实。Neale
It should pass as the merest commonplace, at least among philosophers of language, that a sentence is true when and only when reality is as the sentence describes it to be. However, elaborating this idea in the service of particular philosophical proposals is fraught with danger, as Stephen Neale shows in detail in Facing Facts (Oxford University Press, 2001) With considerable precision and care, Neale examines the commitments of both those who advocate, and those who argue against those who advocate, the view that a sentence stands for a situation or state of affairs in the world, or that a true sentence corresponds to, or is made true by, a fact. Neale's close examination results not only in a definitive and impressive account of the various collapsing arguments against facts that have come to be known as slingshots, but also yields insights into the underlying philosophical motivations of those who have wielded slingshot arguments. One of the most impressive aspects of these explorations is Neale's perspicuous presentation of the logical and metaphysical foundations of Donald Davidson's semantic programme: the culmination of fruitful exchanges over the years between Neale and Davidson about the nature of the latter's work. Sadly, Neale's chapter counts as the last word in those exchanges, but thankfully it is the best and most worked out account of the details of Davidson's semantic theory we have to date. I will concentrate on part of that chapter in the remarks that follow.1. Realism and anti-representationalism At the end of Chapter Two, Neale explores the connected themes of realism and representation, objectivity and truth. He attempts to say why, and in what sense, Davidson is a realist despite his having dispensed with facts as the worldly correlates of true sentences. Neale