Invisible windfalls and wipeouts: What is the impact of spatial regulation on the welfare of land-lost farmers?
Invisible windfalls and wipeouts: What is the impact of spatial regulation on the welfare of land-lost farmers?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102159
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Han Wang;P. Cheng;Pupu Liang;Ke Liu;Xin Nie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Han Wang;P. Cheng;Pupu Liang;Ke Liu;Xin Nie
空间调控在土地资源禀赋不同的地区产生不同的优势。它还影响到不同地区利益相关者的福利。现有研究主要关注空间调控带来的“看得见的”福利“横财”和“损失”，而对“看不见的”效应关注较少。本文选取重点开发区天阳县和限制开发区田东县作为主要研究区域。这些区域被划分为中国主要功能区（MFOZ）规划的一部分。MFOZ代表了空间调控中最重要和最广泛的实践。这些地区位于中国广西壮族自治区百色市。本文在以Sen的可行性能力理论为基础构建理论框架的基础上，运用模糊数学方法计算比较了重点开发区（空间调控弱）和限制开发区（空间调控强）失地前后农民福利的变化。分析了空间调控对失地农民“无形”福利的影响。结果表明：(1)空间调控差异导致重点开发区失地农民总福利出现“横财”，限制开发区失地农民总福利出现“横财”；(2)重点开发区失地农民经济收入的“可见”福利为“意外之财”，限制开发区失地农民经济收入福利为“灭顶之灾”；(3)社会保障、发展机会、生活条件、心理条件等“无形”福利对重点开发区失地农民来说是“意外之财”，对限制开发区来说是“灭顶之灾”；(4)失地农民生存环境的“无形”福利在重点开发区是“灭顶之灾”，在限制开发区是“意外之财”。本研究为各国制定促进区域均衡发展的空间调控体系提供了实证依据，也为各国在征地补偿政策中充分考虑失地农民的“隐形”福利补偿提供了实证依据。
Spatial regulation produces different advantages in areas with different land resource endowments. It also affects the welfare of stakeholders in different regions. Existing studies mainly focus on the “visible” welfare “windfalls” and “wipeouts” caused by spatial regulation, yet pay little attention on the “invisible” effects. This article selects Tianyang County (a key development zone) and Tiandong County (a restricted development zone) as its principal research areas. These areas have been divided as part of China's major function oriented zone (MFOZ) planning. The MFOZ represents the most significant and broad exercise in spatial regulation. These regions located in Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. After applying Sen's feasibility capability theory as the foundation on which to build a theoretical framework, this article calculates and compares the changes in farmers' welfare before and after losing land in the key development zones (weak spatial regulation) and the restricted development zones (strong spatial regulation) by using a fuzzy mathematics method. The impact of spatial regulation on the “invisible” welfare of land-lost farmers is then analyzed. The results show that: (1) differences in spatial regulation produce “windfalls” in the total welfare of land-lost farmers in the key development zones, but “wipeouts” in the restricted development zones; (2) the “visible” welfare of economic income for land-lost farmers are “windfalls” in the key development zones, but are “wipeouts” in the restricted development zones; (3) the “invisible” welfares of social security, development opportunities, living conditions and psychological conditions are “windfalls” for land-lost farmers in the key development zones, but are “wipeouts” in the restricted development zones; (4) the “invisible” welfare of living environments for land-lost farmers are “wipeouts” in the key development zones, but are “windfalls” in the restricted development zones. This study thereby provides evidence-based insights which can enable countries to formulate spatial regulation systems that promote balanced development among regions, and to fully consider the “invisible” welfare compensation of land-lost farmers as part of land expropriation compensation policies.