Local Environmental Groups: A Systematic Enumeration in Two Geographical Areas*
Local Environmental Groups: A Systematic Enumeration in Two Geographical Areas*
复制标题
当地环境团体：两个地理区域的系统枚举*
DOI：
10.1111/j.1549-0831.2001.tb00084.x
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
C. Payne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Kempton;D. Holland;Katherine E. Bunting;Erin Hannan;C. Payne
地方环保团体虽然自20世纪80年代中期以来得到了越来越多的承认，但没有得到系统的抽样，据报道只有几种类型，而且往往被认为只有轻微的政治意义。在这项研究中，我们系统地调查了美国两个地理区域：德尔马瓦半岛和北卡罗来纳州的所有地方环境团体。我们发现了566个地方团体，是出版最好的目录中报道的数字的7到20倍。三个四分之一的人并不符合文献中最常见的类型。从我们的研究区域推断，我们估计有16,000到30,000个当地环保组织活跃在美国。我们发现，这些组织有一部分“核心”成员，即那些活跃在组织和当地行动中的成员。我们估计核心成员的人数在265,000到29,000人之间，是美国所有国家环境组织专业工作人员总数的50多倍。这些群体影响地方和州的环境政策、环境法的执行、环境问题的形成以及环境行为的社会基础设施。
Local environmental groups, although acknowledged increas- ingly since the mid-1980s, have not been sampled systematically, have been reported to consist of only a few types, and are often considered to be of only minor political significance. In this study we systematically invento- ried all local environmental groups in two U.S. geographical areas: the Delmarva Peninsula and the state of North Carolina. We found 566 local groups, seven to 20 times the number reported in the best published di- rectory. Threequarters did not fit the types most commonly characterized in the literature. Extrapolating from our study areas, we estimate that 16,000 to 30,000 local environmental groups are active in the United States. We find that these groups have a subset of "core" members, those active in organizing and local operations. We estimate the population of core members at 265,000 to 290,000, over 50 times the total of profes- sional staff members of all U.S. national environmental organizations. These groups affect local and state environmental policy, enforcement of environmental laws, the shaping of environmental issues, and the social infrastructure for environmental behaviors.