Avian demographic responses to drought and fire: a community-level perspective.
Avian demographic responses to drought and fire: a community-level perspective.
复制标题
鸟类对干旱和火灾的反应：社区层面的视角。
DOI：
10.1002/eap.1751
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Albert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Saracco;S. M. Fettig;George L San Miguel;D. Mehlman;Brent E. Thompson;S. Albert
干旱胁迫是气候变化下干旱和半干旱地区野生动物面临的一个重要问题。干旱可通过影响动植物的生理而直接影响其种群，也可通过影响植被生产力和资源供应而间接影响其种群，并通过创造有利于野火等次生干扰的条件而间接影响其种群。我们实施了一种新的方法来了解社区层面的人口统计学反应的鸟类及其栖息地，这些压力在气候变化的背景下，在美国西南部的四角地区的14个研究地点。一场影响其中三个地点的大火为研究火灾对植被和鸟类群落的影响提供了一个自然实验。我们评估了（1）干旱趋势和世纪末（2071-2100年）预测的中等和高温室气体浓度轨迹情景下的平均干旱条件;（2）干旱和火灾对栖息地（植被绿化）的影响;（3）干旱和火灾对社区水平鸟类生产力和成年表观存活率的影响。在气候变化的情况下，我们的研究地点的干旱有所增加，预计还会进一步增加。在春季干旱条件下，植被的绿色和鸟类生产力下降，而夏季干旱出现负面影响成人的表观存活率。对火灾的反应是喜忧参半，在火灾发生的一年，鸟类生产力下降，但高于正常的几年后火灾。我们的研究结果强调了环境压力和鸟类生命率之间的重要联系，这可能会影响气候变化下该地区的人口轨迹。我们建议，社区水平的人口模型的使用和持续发展将提供有用的工具，利用稀疏的物种水平的数据，提供多物种的推断和保护。
Drought stress is an important consideration for wildlife in arid and semiarid regions under climate change. Drought can impact plant and animal populations directly, through effects on their physiology, as well as indirectly through effects on vegetation productivity and resource availability, and by creating conditions conducive to secondary disturbance, such as wildfire. We implemented a novel approach to understanding community-level demographic responses of birds and their habitats to these stressors in the context of climate change at 14 study sites in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. A large wildfire affecting three of the sites provided a natural experiment for also examining fire effects on vegetation and the bird community. We assessed (1) trends in drought and end-of-century (2071-2100) predicted average drought conditions under mid-range and high greenhouse gas concentration trajectory scenarios; (2) effects of drought and fire on habitat (vegetation greenness); and (3) effects of drought and fire on community-level avian productivity and adult apparent survival rates. Drought has increased and is expected to increase further at our study sites under climate change. Under spring drought conditions, vegetation greenness and avian productivity declined, while summer drought appeared to negatively affect adult apparent survival rates. Response to fire was mixed; in the year of the fire, avian productivity declined, but was higher than normal for several years post-fire. Our results highlight important links between environmental stressors and avian vital rates that will likely affect population trajectories in this region under climate change. We suggest that the use and continued development of community-level demographic models will provide useful tool for leveraging sparse species-level data to provide multi-species inferences and inform conservation.