Microeukaryotes in animal and plant microbiomes: Ecologies of disease?
Microeukaryotes in animal and plant microbiomes: Ecologies of disease?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125719
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
del Campo, Javier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bass, David;del Campo, Javier
动植物微生物组的研究正在蓬勃发展，但这些研究大多集中在细菌上，很少包括真菌以外的微真核生物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，生活在较大生物（如植物、动物、大型藻类）上和体内的微真核生物是多种多样的，在许多情况下数量丰富。我们在这里提出了一个新的“抗后生动物”引物组合：574*f-UNonMet_DB，它可以扩增多种微真核生物，包括一些使用其他引物组合难以扩增的群体。虽然许多微真核寄生虫群体已被识别，但无数其他微真核生物与宿主有关，如以前未知的寄生虫（通常具有遗传差异，因此难以使用标准PCR引物扩增）、机会寄生虫、共生体以及其他“共生连续体”中的外共生体和内共生体。从致病机理到互利共生，它们发挥着广泛的作用，但它们的作用大多是未知的，可能落在这个范围的某个地方，有可能在不同条件下改变它们与宿主相互作用的性质。宿主相关微生物群落的组成和动态也越来越被认为是宿主健康的重要调节因子。这种理解疾病的“病理组”方法正开始取代一种病原体-一种疾病的模式，这种模式不能充分解释许多疾病情景。版权所有：Elsevier GmbH版权所有。
Studies of animal and plant microbiomes are burgeoning, but the majority of these focus on bacteria and rarely include microeukaryotes other than fungi. However, there is growing evidence that microeukaryotes living on and in larger organisms (e.g. plants, animals, macroalgae) are diverse and in many cases abundant. We present here a new combination of 'anti-metazoan' primers: 574*f-UNonMet_DB that amplify a wide diversity of microeukaryotes including some groups that are difficult to amplify using other primer combinations. While many groups of microeukaryotic parasites are recognised, myriad other microeukaryotes are associated with hosts as previously unknown parasites (often genetically divergent so difficult to amplify using standard PCR primers), opportunistic parasites, commensals, and other ecto- and endo-symbionts, across the 'symbiotic continuum'. These fulfil a wide range of roles from pathogenesis to mutually beneficial symbioses, but mostly their roles are unknown and likely fall somewhere along this spectrum, with the potential to switch the nature of their interactions with the host under different conditions. The composition and dynamics of host-associated microbial communities are also increasingly recognised as important moderators of host health. This 'pathobiome approach to understanding disease is beginning to supercede a one-pathogen-one-disease paradigm, which cannot sufficiently explain many disease scenarios. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.