CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac1596
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发表时间：
2020-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
The CMB-S4 Collaboration Kevork Abazajian;G. Addison;Peter Adshead;Z. Ahmed;D. Akerib;Aamir Ali;S. Allen;D. Alonso;M. Alvarez;M. Amin;A. Anderson;K. Arnold;P. Ashton;C. Baccigalupi;D. Bard;D. Barkats;D. Barron;P. Barry;J. Bartlett;R. Thakur;N. Battaglia;R. Bean;C. Bebek;A. Bender;B. Benson;F. Bianchini;C. Bischoff;L. Bleem;J. Bock;S. Bocquet;K. Boddy;J. Bond;J. Borrill;F. Bouchet;T. Brinckmann;Michael L. Brown;S. Bryan;V. Buza;K. Byrum;Carlos Hervias Caimapo;E. Calabrese;Victoria Calafut;R. Caldwell;J. Carlstrom;J. Carron;T. Cecil;A. Challinor;C. Chang;Y. Chinone;Hsiao-mei Cho.;A. Cooray;W. Coulton;T. Crawford;A. Crites;A. Cukierman;F. Cyr-Racine;T. Haan;J. Delabrouille;M. Devlin;E. D. Valentino;M. Dierickx;M. Dobbs;S. Duff;J. Dunkley;C. Dvorkin;J. Eimer;T. Elleflot;J. Errard;T. Essinger-Hileman;G. Fabbian;C. Feng;S. Ferraro;J. Filippini;R. Flauger;B. Flaugher;A. Fraisse;A. Frolov;N. Galitzki;P. Gallardo;S. Galli;K. Ganga;M. Gerbino;V. Gluscevic;N. Goeckner-wald;D. Green;D. Grin;E. Grohs;R. Gualtieri;J. Gudmundsson;I. Gullett;N. Gupta;S. Habib;M. Halpern;N. Halverson;S. Hanany;K. Harrington;M. Hasegawa;M. Hasselfield;M. Hazumi;K. Heitmann;S. Henderson;B. Hensley;C. Hill;J. Hill;R. Hložek;S. Ho;T. Hoang;G. Holder;W. Holzapfel;J. Hood;J. Hubmayr;K. Huffenberger;H. Hui;K. Irwin;O. Jeong;Bradley R. Johnson;W. Jones;Jae Hwan Kang;K. Karkare;N. Katayama;R. Keskitalo;T. Kisner;L. Knox;B. Koopman;A. Kosowsky;J. Kovac;E. Kovetz;S. Kuhlmann;C. Kuo;A. Kusaka;A. Lahteenmaki;C. Lawrence;Adrian T. Lee;A. Lewis;Dale Li;E. Linder;M. Loverde;A. Lowitz;P. Lubin;M. Madhavacheril;A. Mantz;G. Marques;F. Matsuda;P. Mauskopf;H. McCarrick;J. McMahon;P. Meerburg;J. Melin;F. Menanteau;Joel Meyers;M. Millea;J. Mohr;L. Moncelsi;M. Monzani;T. Mroczkowski;S. Mukherjee;J. Nagy;T. Namikawa;F. Nati;T. Natoli;L. Newburgh;M. Niemack;H. Nishino;B. Nord;V. Novosad;R. O’Brient;S. Padin;S. Palladino;B. Partridge;D. Petravick;E. Pierpaoli;L. Pogosian;K. Prabhu;C. Pryke;G. Puglisi;B. Racine;A. Rahlin;M. S. Rao;M. Raveri;C. Reichardt;M. Remazeilles;G. Rocha;N. Roe;A. Roy;J. Ruhl;M. Salatino;B. Saliwanchik;E. Schaan;A. Schillaci;B. Schmitt;M. Schmittfull;D. Scott;N. Sehgal;S. Shandera;B. Sherwin;E. Shirokoff;S. Simon;A. Slosar;D. Spergel;T. S. Germaine;S. Staggs;A. Stark;G. Starkman;R. Stompor;C. Stoughton;A. Suzuki;O. Tajima;G. Teply;K. Thompson;B. Thorne;P. Timbie;M. Tomasi;M. Tristram;G. Tucker;C. Umilta;A. V. Engelen;E. Vavagiakis;J. Vieira;A. Vieregg;K. Wagoner;B. Wallisch;Gensheng Wang;S. Watson;B. Westbrook;N. Whitehorn;Edward J. Wollack;W. L. K. Wu;Zhilei Xu;H. Yang;S. Yasini;V. Yefremenko;K. Yoon;E. Young;Cyndia Yu;A. Zonca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
The CMB-S4 Collaboration Kevork Abazajian;G. Addison;Peter Adshead;Z. Ahmed;D. Akerib;Aamir Ali;S. Allen;D. Alonso;M. Alvarez;M. Amin;A. Anderson;K. Arnold;P. Ashton;C. Baccigalupi;D. Bard;D. Barkats;D. Barron;P. Barry;J. Bartlett;R. Thakur;N. Battaglia;R. Bean;C. Bebek;A. Bender;B. Benson;F. Bianchini;C. Bischoff;L. Bleem;J. Bock;S. Bocquet;K. Boddy;J. Bond;J. Borrill;F. Bouchet;T. Brinckmann;Michael L. Brown;S. Bryan;V. Buza;K. Byrum;Carlos Hervias Caimapo;E. Calabrese;Victoria Calafut;R. Caldwell;J. Carlstrom;J. Carron;T. Cecil;A. Challinor;C. Chang;Y. Chinone;Hsiao-mei Cho.;A. Cooray;W. Coulton;T. Crawford;A. Crites;A. Cukierman;F. Cyr-Racine;T. Haan;J. Delabrouille;M. Devlin;E. D. Valentino;M. Dierickx;M. Dobbs;S. Duff;J. Dunkley;C. Dvorkin;J. Eimer;T. Elleflot;J. Errard;T. Essinger-Hileman;G. Fabbian;C. Feng;S. Ferraro;J. Filippini;R. Flauger;B. Flaugher;A. Fraisse;A. Frolov;N. Galitzki;P. Gallardo;S. Galli;K. Ganga;M. Gerbino;V. Gluscevic;N. Goeckner-wald;D. Green;D. Grin;E. Grohs;R. Gualtieri;J. Gudmundsson;I. Gullett;N. Gupta;S. Habib;M. Halpern;N. Halverson;S. Hanany;K. Harrington;M. Hasegawa;M. Hasselfield;M. Hazumi;K. Heitmann;S. Henderson;B. Hensley;C. Hill;J. Hill;R. Hložek;S. Ho;T. Hoang;G. Holder;W. Holzapfel;J. Hood;J. Hubmayr;K. Huffenberger;H. Hui;K. Irwin;O. Jeong;Bradley R. Johnson;W. Jones;Jae Hwan Kang;K. Karkare;N. Katayama;R. Keskitalo;T. Kisner;L. Knox;B. Koopman;A. Kosowsky;J. Kovac;E. Kovetz;S. Kuhlmann;C. Kuo;A. Kusaka;A. Lahteenmaki;C. Lawrence;Adrian T. Lee;A. Lewis;Dale Li;E. Linder;M. Loverde;A. Lowitz;P. Lubin;M. Madhavacheril;A. Mantz;G. Marques;F. Matsuda;P. Mauskopf;H. McCarrick;J. McMahon;P. Meerburg;J. Melin;F. Menanteau;Joel Meyers;M. Millea;J. Mohr;L. Moncelsi;M. Monzani;T. Mroczkowski;S. Mukherjee;J. Nagy;T. Namikawa;F. Nati;T. Natoli;L. Newburgh;M. Niemack;H. Nishino;B. Nord;V. Novosad;R. O’Brient;S. Padin;S. Palladino;B. Partridge;D. Petravick;E. Pierpaoli;L. Pogosian;K. Prabhu;C. Pryke;G. Puglisi;B. Racine;A. Rahlin;M. S. Rao;M. Raveri;C. Reichardt;M. Remazeilles;G. Rocha;N. Roe;A. Roy;J. Ruhl;M. Salatino;B. Saliwanchik;E. Schaan;A. Schillaci;B. Schmitt;M. Schmittfull;D. Scott;N. Sehgal;S. Shandera;B. Sherwin;E. Shirokoff;S. Simon;A. Slosar;D. Spergel;T. S. Germaine;S. Staggs;A. Stark;G. Starkman;R. Stompor;C. Stoughton;A. Suzuki;O. Tajima;G. Teply;K. Thompson;B. Thorne;P. Timbie;M. Tomasi;M. Tristram;G. Tucker;C. Umilta;A. V. Engelen;E. Vavagiakis;J. Vieira;A. Vieregg;K. Wagoner;B. Wallisch;Gensheng Wang;S. Watson;B. Westbrook;N. Whitehorn;Edward J. Wollack;W. L. K. Wu;Zhilei Xu;H. Yang;S. Yasini;V. Yefremenko;K. Yoon;E. Young;Cyndia Yu;A. Zonca
CMB- s4是下一代地面宇宙微波背景（CMB）实验，旨在显著提高CMB测量的灵敏度，增强我们对宇宙起源和演化的理解。在CMB-S4所追求的科学案例中，探测原始引力波的探索是实验设计的核心驱动力。这项工作详细介绍了一个预测框架的发展，其中包括一个基于功率谱的半解析投影工具，明确地针对在银河系前景和CMB引力透镜存在的情况下优化张量与标量比r的约束。该框架的独特之处在于，它直接使用了当前2-3阶段CMB实验所取得的信息，以可靠地预测即将到来的CMB极化工作的科学影响。该方法允许对实验配置进行快速迭代，并提供灵活的方法来优化未来实验的设计，给定期望的科学目标。为了形成一个闭环过程，我们将这种半分析工具与基于地图的验证研究相结合，这允许注入额外的复杂性，并通过几种独立的分析方法验证我们的预测。我们利用这一过程记录了对CMB-S4的多轮预测，并据此建立了第4阶段实验中原始引力波分量的当前参考设计，优化后实现了我们的科学目标，即在大于5σ时探测到r > 0.003的原始引力波，或者在没有探测到的情况下，在95% CL下达到r < 0.001的上限。
CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.