Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle
Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle
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DOI：
10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00415-0
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发表时间：
2001-06-12
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Geerts, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisler, MC;Brandt, J;Geerts, S
对用于控制非洲动物锥虫病的药物的耐药性日益被认为是撒哈拉以南非洲牲畜生产的制约因素。用于检测锥虫耐药性的最常用试验是使用小鼠或反刍动物进行试验，但这些试验缺乏标准化，因此可能难以比较不同研究人员的结果。在老鼠身上进行的试验比在反刍动物身上进行的试验费用要低，但是，虽然在老鼠身上进行的试验可能有助于在一个地理区域内作为抗药性的一般指南，但不应在单个锥虫水平上将其推断到牛身上。此外，常用的方案过于繁琐，无法应用于大量的区域性锥虫分离株。本文提出了锥虫类药物体内标准化检测指南，并介绍了一种用于小鼠的简化单剂量检测方法，方便在实验室设施有限的地区使用。单剂量试验适用于利用大量锥虫分离株来描述地理区域的锥虫耐药特征，适用于在不同地区之间进行比较，适用于监测锥虫耐药随时间的变化。多剂量试验可用于确定在小鼠中精确确定的单个稳定剂的耐药程度，但由于后勤原因，这些试验很少在几个稳定剂上进行，并且在单剂量试验中测试更多数量的稳定剂通常会提供更有用的信息。最后，我们描述了在牛中进行的试验，这些试验可用于确定推荐治疗剂量的锥虫药物治疗单个锥虫分离体感染的疗效，包括对小鼠很少感染的间日锥虫。(C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Resistance to the drugs used to control African animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack of standardisation and hence it may be difficult to compare the results of different investigators. Tests in mice are less expensive than tests in ruminants, but while tests in mice they may be useful as a general guide to resistance in a geographic area they should not be extrapolated to cattle on an individual trypanosome level. Moreover, the commonly used protocols are too laborious for their application to large number of trypanosome isolates on an area-wide basis. This paper presents guidelines for standardised testing of trypanocidal drugs in vivo, and introduces a simplified single-dose test for use in mice, which is convenient for use in areas with limited laboratory facilities. The single-dose test is appropriate for characterisation of geographic areas in terms of trypanocidal drug resistance using large numbers of trypanosome isolates, for making comparisons between areas, and for monitoring changes in trypanocidal drug resistance over time. Multiple-dose tests may be used to determine the degree of resistance of individual stabilates to be determined precisely in mice are also described, but for logistical reasons these will rarely be conducted on more than a few stabilates, and testing of a larger number of stabilates in the single-dose test will generally provide more useful information. Finally, we describe tests in cattle that may be used to determine the efficacy of recommended curative doses of trypanocidal drugs for the treatment of infection with individual trypanosome isolates, including Trypanosoma vivax, which is rarely infective for mice. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.