MULTIPLE MECHANISMS REGULATE MUSCLE-FIBER DIVERSITY
MULTIPLE MECHANISMS REGULATE MUSCLE-FIBER DIVERSITY
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DOI：
10.1096/fasebj.5.15.1835946
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发表时间：
1991-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
HARDEMAN, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GUNNING, P;HARDEMAN, E
成人骨骼肌由称为肌纤维的多核肌细胞簇组成。基于它们的生理特性和它们的不同收缩蛋白同种型的表达，可以在哺乳动物内检测到至少三种不同类型的肌纤维。不同的骨骼肌显示出广泛的肌纤维组合。最近的研究表明，多种机制是负责这些肌纤维类型的产生在发展过程中。根据肌球蛋白重链（MHC）的亚型，肌祖细胞分化时可分为两类。神经和其他环境影响的行为，以修改有关类型的收缩蛋白的肌纤维可能表达的决定，这是最明显的MHC。其他收缩蛋白基因家族最初独立于MHC基因家族进行调节。发育后期的一个或多个事件负责协调基因家族之间的同种型表达以产生成体表型。肌肉基因表达的研究表明，调控可以发生在转录水平，初级转录本的选择性剪接，mRNA稳定性和翻译。目前的挑战是如何破译环境和功能信息的肌肉基因表达的调节剂的活动解释。
Adult skeletal muscles are composed of clusters of multinucleated muscle cells called myofibers. At least three different types of myofibers can be detected within mammals based on their physiological properties and their expression of different contractile protein isoforms. Different skeletal muscles display a wide range of combinations of myofibers. Recent work has demonstrated that multiple mechanisms are responsible for the generation of these myofiber types during development. Muscle progenitor cells have been dissected into two categories on the basis of which isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC) they express when they differentiate. Neural and other environmental influences act to modify decisions concerning the type of contractile protein a myofiber may express, and this is most apparent for MHC. The other contractile protein gene families are initially regulated independent of the MHC gene family. One or more events late in development are responsible for coordinating isoform expression between the gene families to generate the adult phenotype. Studies of muscle gene expression have revealed that regulation can occur at the levels of transcription, alternative splicing of primary transcripts, mRNA stability, and translation. The current challenge is to decipher how environmental and functional information is interpreted in terms of the activity of the regulators of muscle gene expression.