Toddler and childhood temperament: Expanded content, stronger genetic evidence, new evidence for the importance of environment
Toddler and childhood temperament: Expanded content, stronger genetic evidence, new evidence for the importance of environment
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.891
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lemery, KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldsmith, HH;Buss, KA;Lemery, KS
研究人员利用双胞胎和单胎共715人的样本，记录了遗传因素对幼儿和学龄前儿童各种气质方面的影响，相对于婴儿和年龄较大的青少年，这方面的研究有些不足。与先前文献所依据的工具相比，幼儿行为评估问卷和儿童行为问卷提供了积极情感（与消极情感分开）和情绪调节的评估。积极影响揭示了大量共同的环境影响，情绪调节揭示了加性的遗传影响。性情遗传变异的证据得到了加强，因为这些问卷量表的类内相关性没有显示“过低”的异卵相关性，这意味着对比效应。问卷的心理测量特征可以影响生物特征的推断。
Using samples of twins and singletons totaling 715 individuals, the authors document heritable influences on various temperamental dimensions during the toddler and preschooler age ranges, which have been somewhat understudied relative to infants and older adolescents. In contrast to instruments on which prior literature is based, the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire offer assessment of positive affectivity (separately from negative affectivity) and of emotional regulation. Positive affect reveals substantial shared environmental influence, and emotion regulation reveals additive genetic influence. Evidence for genetic variance in temperament is strengthened because intraclass correlations from many of these questionnaire scales show no evidence of ''too-low'' dizygotic correlations that imply contrast effects. Suggestive evidence is offered that psychometric characteristics of the questionnaires can affect biometric inferences.