Energy storage and synchronisation of hind leg movements during jumping in planthopper insects (Hemiptera, Issidae)
Energy storage and synchronisation of hind leg movements during jumping in planthopper insects (Hemiptera, Issidae)
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.037861
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Burrows, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burrows, M.
伊苏斯（半翅目，伊西达科）的后腿在身体下方的同一平面上移动，这种安排意味着它们也必须同步移动才能进行力量跳跃。此外，它们移动得如此之快，以至于必须在跳跃前储存能量，然后突然释放。对后腿近端关节力学的高速成像和分析表明，机械机制确保了运动的同步性和能量存储。后转子在跳跃时首先移动，并在30μs内同步。同步是通过每个转子的小突起之间的机械相互作用来实现的，这些小突起在特定波长的紫外线下发出亮蓝色的荧光，并且当跳跃前腿翘起时，这些小突起会接触到中线。在死亡的伊苏斯中，对翘起的后腿或其转子降肌腱施加下压力会导致双后腿同时下压。先移动的后腿的突出部分轻推另一条后腿，使两者同步移动。跳跃前转子降肌的收缩使内骨骼的后胸胸膜弓弯曲。这些弓形结构的大面积在紫外光下发出亮蓝色荧光，这种荧光的强度取决于沐浴盐水的 pH 值。这些是橡胶状蛋白质节肢弹性蛋白的关键特征。胸膜弓的其余部分由坚硬的角质层组成。弯曲这些复合结构可以储存能量，并且它们的反冲力会跳跃。
The hind legs of Issus (Hemiptera, Issidae) move in the same plane underneath the body, an arrangement that means they must also move synchronously to power jumping. Moreover, they move so quickly that energy must be stored before a jump and then released suddenly. High speed imaging and analysis of the mechanics of the proximal joints of the hind legs show that mechanical mechanisms ensure both synchrony of movements and energy storage. The hind trochantera move first in jumping and are synchronised to within 30 mu s. Synchrony is achieved by mechanical interactions between small protrusions from each trochantera which fluoresce bright blue under specific wavelengths of ultra-violet light and which touch at the midline when the legs are cocked before a jump. In dead Issus, a depression force applied to a cocked hind leg, or to the tendon of its trochanteral depressor muscle causes a simultaneous depression of both hind legs. The protrusion of the hind leg that moves first nudges the other hind leg so that both move synchronously. Contractions of the trochanteral depressor muscles that precede a jump bend the metathoracic pleural arches of the internal skeleton. Large areas of these bow-shaped structures fluoresce bright blue in ultraviolet light, and the intensity of this fluorescence depends on the pH of the bathing saline. These are key signatures of the rubber-like protein resilin. The remainder of a pleural arch consists of stiff cuticle. Bending these composite structures stores energy and their recoil powers jumping.