Protective Roles for Potassium SK/K(Ca)2 Channels in Microglia and Neurons.

Protective Roles for Potassium SK/K(Ca)2 Channels in Microglia and Neurons.
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DOI:
10.3389/fphar.2012.00196
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Culmsee C
Culmsee C
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dolga AM;Culmsee C

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神经炎症中钾通道功能的新概念表明,它们调节小胶质细胞活化的机制,包括细胞内钙稳态,形态学改变,促炎细胞因子释放,抗原呈递和吞噬作用。尽管对小胶质细胞中电压非依赖性钾通道的研究还不多,但在神经炎症和神经变性的研究领域,小电导(SK/KCNN 1 -3/KCa 2)和中电导(IK/KCNN 4/KCa3.1)钙激活钾通道作为小胶质细胞激活的调节剂受到了特别的关注。特别是,最近的研究结果表明,SK/KCa 2通道,通过调节钙稳态,可能会引发一个双重的作用机制,在神经元中的保护性能和抑制炎症反应的小胶质细胞。因此,调节SK/KCa 2通道和钙信号可能为神经系统疾病提供新的治疗策略,其中神经元细胞死亡和炎症反应伴随着疾病进展。在这里,我们回顾了SK/KCa 2通道的[Ca 2 +]i调节小胶质细胞和神经元的特殊作用,我们讨论了进一步的实验方法解决新的治疗策略在神经系统疾病,神经元细胞死亡和神经炎症过程是突出的潜在影响。
New concepts on potassium channel function in neuroinflammation suggest that they regulate mechanisms of microglial activation, including intracellular calcium homeostasis, morphological alterations, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis. Although little is known about voltage independent potassium channels in microglia, special attention emerges on small (SK/KCNN1-3/KCa2) and intermediate (IK/KCNN4/KCa3.1)-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels as regulators of microglial activation in the field of research on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In particular, recent findings suggested that SK/KCa2 channels, by regulating calcium homeostasis, may elicit a dual mechanism of action with protective properties in neurons and inhibition of inflammatory responses in microglia. Thus, modulating SK/KCa2 channels and calcium signaling may provide novel therapeutic strategies in neurological disorders, where neuronal cell death and inflammatory responses concomitantly contribute to disease progression. Here, we review the particular role of SK/KCa2 channels for [Ca2+]i regulation in microglia and neurons, and we discuss the potential impact for further experimental approaches addressing novel therapeutic strategies in neurological diseases, where neuronal cell death and neuroinflammatory processes are prominent.
KCA2通道激活可防止[Ca2+] I失调并减少谷氨酸毒性和脑缺血后神经元死亡。
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