Geometric Defects and Icosahedral Viruses.
Geometric Defects and Icosahedral Viruses.
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DOI：
10.3390/v10010025
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发表时间：
2018-01-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zlotnick A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang JC;Mukhopadhyay S;Zlotnick A
我们认为，具有几何缺陷的病毒不一定是有缺陷的病毒。几何缺陷可以是反应性位点。缺陷可以促进细胞蛋白质与病毒体组分的组装、解离或可接近性。在嗜肝DNA病毒组装的单分子研究中，缺陷和过度生长是常见特征。二十面体甲病毒和黄病毒等具有带几何缺陷的衣壳。类似地，不成熟的逆转录病毒，其是非二十面体的，具有许多“错误”。在许多病毒中，内部特征的不对称暴露允许调节基因组释放或支持细胞内运输。在这些病毒中，这些缺陷可能具有生物学功能。球形病毒结构测定的常用方法使用对称平均，其掩盖了缺陷。我们认为，有三类不对称性：规则的不对称性，可能会发现在一个有尾的噬菌体，不规则的不对称性，例如，在组装过程中随机捕获的缺陷，和动态的不对称性，由于布朗动力学的病毒衣壳。意识到它们的存在和电子显微镜的最新进展，将允许前所未有的调查衣壳不规则性，以调查其生物学相关性。
We propose that viruses with geometric defects are not necessarily flawed viruses. A geometric defect may be a reactive site. Defects may facilitate assembly, dissociation, or accessibility of cellular proteins to virion components. In single molecule studies of hepadnavirus assembly, defects and overgrowth are common features. Icosahedral alphaviruses and flaviviruses, among others, have capsids with geometric defects. Similarly, immature retroviruses, which are non-icosahedral, have numerous “errors”. In many viruses, asymmetric exposure of interior features allows for regulated genome release or supports intracellular trafficking. In these viruses, the defects likely serve a biological function. Commonly used approaches for spherical virus structure determination use symmetry averaging, which obscures defects. We suggest that there are three classes of asymmetry: regular asymmetry as might be found in a tailed phage, irregular asymmetry as found, for example, in defects randomly trapped during assembly, and dynamic asymmetry due to Brownian dynamics of virus capsids. Awareness of their presence and recent advances in electron microscopy will allow unprecedented investigation of capsid irregularities to investigate their biological relevance.