Morphology, Particle Size Distribution, Aggregation, and Crystal Phase of Nanocrystallites in the Urine of Healthy Persons and Lithogenic Patients
Morphology, Particle Size Distribution, Aggregation, and Crystal Phase of Nanocrystallites in the Urine of Healthy Persons and Lithogenic Patients
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DOI：
10.1109/tnb.2010.2045510
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ouyang, Jian-Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Jie-Yu;Deng, Sui-Ping;Ouyang, Jian-Ming
背景：尿石形成的第一步是从过饱和尿液中尿矿物的成核。然后，形成的核生长或/和骨料构成病理大小。因此，尿液中的纳米晶体可能与尿石的形成有关。方法：使用激光散射光谱，TEM和X射线衍射，对85名健康人和65名岩性患者的尿液样本和65例岩性患者的尿液样本中的大小小于1000 nm的纳米晶体。结果：健康尿液样品中的大多数纳米晶体都是球体，少量，分散良好，狭窄的粒径分布约为20至350 nm。相比之下，岩性尿液中的大多数颗粒具有尖锐的角度和尖端，聚集了，并且粒径分布在1.1至1000 nm之间。在健康尿液中发现了更多草酸钙二氢酸钙（COD）纳米晶体；然而，在岩性尿液中发现了更多草酸钙一水合物（COM）纳米晶体。结论：岩性患者尿液中纳米晶体的形态，粒度，聚集和晶体相显着不同于健康人的形态，明显不同。结果表明，以重要性的上升顺序，使纳米晶体圆形，减少其大小的分化，并通过物理和化学方法减少尿液聚集，这可能是预防尿石形成的手段。这四个差异中最关键的是草酸钙（Caoxa）的晶相差异。也就是说，尿液中鳕鱼纳米晶体的形成可以被认为是预防石材形成比com纳米晶体的形成相对有利的，而com纳米晶体的形成与较大的晶体的形成相一致。
Background: The first step in urinary stone formation is the nucleation of urinary mineral from supersaturated urine. The formed nuclei then grow or/and aggregate to a pathological size. Thus, the nanocrystallites in urine may be related to the formation of urinary stones. Methods: Nanocrystallites with a size of less than 1000 nm in the urine samples of 85 healthy persons and 65 lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated using laser scattering spectroscopy, TEM, and X-ray diffraction. Results: Most of the nanocrystallites in healthy urine samples were spheroidal, less aggregated, well-dispersed, and with a narrow particle size distribution from about 20 to 350 nm. In contrast, most of the particles in lithogenic urines had sharply angled edges and tips, were aggregated, and had a broad particle size distribution from 1.1 to 1000 nm. More calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) nanocrystallites were found in healthy urine; however, more calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) nanocrystallites were found in lithogenic urine. Conclusions: The morphology, particle size, aggregation, and crystal phase of nanocrystallites in the urine of lithogenic patients are pronouncedly different from those of healthy persons. The results suggest, in ascending order of importance, that making nanocrystallites rounded, diminishing their size differentiation, and decreasing their aggregation in urine by physical and chemical methods maybe the means to prevent urinary stone formation. The most crucial among the four differences is the crystal phase differentia of calcium oxalate (CaOxa). That is, the formation of COD nanocrystallites in urine can be considered as being relatively more favorable in preventing stone formation than the formation of COM nanocrystallites, which are in accord with those found for larger crystallites.