Development of mariculture and its impacts in Chinese coastal waters
Development of mariculture and its impacts in Chinese coastal waters
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DOI：
10.1007/s11160-004-3539-7
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发表时间：
2004-03
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Yang Feng;Linxiang Hou;Nie Ping;Tang Ling;Chung Ik Kyo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yang Feng;Linxiang Hou;Nie Ping;Tang Ling;Chung Ik Kyo
中国水产养殖历史悠久。自20世纪80年代以来，政府一直认为海水养殖是水产养殖的一个日益重要的子部门。海水养殖提供营养和经济利益，并减少对日益减少的野生生物资源的开发强度。中国目前是世界上海水养殖产量最高的国家。1967-1980年，海带占中国海水养殖总产量的50-60%。1980年海带产量达252，907 t（干/湿），居主导地位. 1981年以后，由于软体动物、虾和有鳍鱼类的产量增加，海带产量的百分比下降。1990年以后，海洋有鳍鱼和软体动物产量急剧增加。2001年，海水养殖总产量达到1131.5万吨，生产面积为128.6万公顷。海水养殖种类的迅速发展和变化引起了人们对海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的日益关注。沿海水产养殖的影响，如水质恶化和污染物，将对扩大海水养殖产生重大影响。采用可持续的养殖系统是改善和保持海水养殖区长期健康的关键。除了限制海鱼养殖区内的网箱总数外，我们亦必须控制鱼类和其他重要经济生物，例如蚝和扇贝的放养密度。作者建议定期移动筏（笼）和休耕制度的发展，该地区的鱼类养殖将暂停1-2年，以促进恢复污染的沉积物。还建议将近海养鱼移到更深的沃茨。作者还认为，大规模的海藻养殖将减少中国沿海养殖区的富营养化。
China has a long history of aquaculture. Since the 1980s, mariculture has been considered by the government as an increasingly important sub-sector of aquaculture. Mariculture provides nutritional and economic benefits, and decreases the intensity of exploitation on declining wild living resources. China now has the highest mariculture production in the world. Kelp made up 50–60% the total Chinese mariculture production in 1967–1980. Production ofLaminaria japonicaAresch, the leading species, reached 252, 907 t (dry wet) in 1980. The percentage of kelp production decreased after 1981 because of proportionally greater production of molluscs, shrimps and finfish. Marine finfish and mollusc production increased sharply after 1990. In 2001, the total mariculture production reached 11,315,000 t from a production area of 1,286,000 ha. The rapid development and changes in mariculture species have aroused increasing concern about mariculture’s impact on the coastal environment. The impact of coastal aquaculture, such as water quality deterioration and contaminants, will have a significant bearing on the expansion of mariculture. The key of improving and maintaining the long-term health of mariculture zones lies in adopting sustainable culture systems. It is imperative that the density of stocking fish and other economically important organisms such as oysters, and scallops, be controlled, in addition to restricting the total number of net-cages in the mariculture zones. The authors suggest moving rafts (cages) periodically and to development of a fallow system in which area fish culture will be suspended for 1–2 years to facilitate recovery of the polluted sediment. Moving fish culture offshore into deeper waters is also suggested. The authors also believe that large-scale seaweed cultivation will reduce eutrophication in coastal culture zones in China.