Inland valleys in West Africa : an agro-ecological characterization of rice-growing environments
Inland valleys in West Africa : an agro-ecological characterization of rice-growing environments
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西非内陆山谷：水稻种植环境的农业生态特征
DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-0765.2005.tb00079.x
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
W. Andriesse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inland Valleys;P. Windmeijer;W. Andriesse
由于高地在轮垦中很常见，撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），特别是西非的平均水稻产量在1970-2000年的过去30年中一直停滞在1.3-1.7吨/公顷。存在许多小的内陆山谷沼泽（IVS），其中1000万公顷能够变成小规模灌溉稻田，即，通过简单、低成本的生态工程技术和农民的自力更生的努力，西非的低地土壤肥力最低，特别是有效磷状况极差，pH值和交换性盐基含量在亚、非、拉三大热带地区中较低。然而，由于水土保持和养分补充的多功能机制，1公顷低地萨瓦系统的可持续生产力可相当于10公顷旱地。地质施肥、固氮、中和pH值和增加磷的有效性是sawah系统的重要功能。在综合农业系统中可持续地发展萨瓦河系统有助于增加粮食生产和恢复撒哈拉以南非洲退化的流域。*Sawah：Sawah一词是指由堤岸包围的平整稻田，其进出口连接灌溉和排水。该词起源于马来语-印度尼西亚语。英文的Paddy或Paddi也源自马来语-印尼语的Padi，意思是水稻。Paddy一词指的是撒哈拉以南非洲西部的带壳稻谷。亚洲国家的大多数稻田都符合“sawah”一词的定义。对亚洲科学家来说，稻田几乎相当于萨瓦。然而，水田一词仅指包括撒哈拉以南非洲西部高地稻田在内的稻田。因此，为了避免术语水稻、水稻和通过生态工程改善的人工水稻生长环境之间的混淆，作者建议使用术语sawah。
Since upland rice under shifting cultivation is common, the mean paddy yield in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), especially West Africa, has been stagnated at 1.3–1.7 t ha−1during the past 30 years of 1970–2000. There exist numerous small inland valley swamps (IVS), of which 10 million ha is capable of being turned into small scale irrigated rice fields, i.e., sawah* by simple and low cost ecological engineering technology with farmer's self-support efforts. The fertility of lowland soils in West Africa was the lowest, particularly available phosphorous status was extremely poor and low pH as well as low exchangeable bases among the three tropics of Asia, Africa and Latin America. However, because of multi-functional mechanisms of soil and water conservation and replenishment of nutrients, sustainable productivity of 1 ha of lowland sawah system can be equivalent more than 10 ha of upland fields. Geological fertilization, nitrogen fixation, neutralization of pH and increase phosphorous availability are the important functions of the sawah system. Sustainable development of sawah systems in IVSs can contribute to increase food production and to restore the degraded watersheds of SSA. *Sawah: The term sawah refers to leveled rice field surrounded by bund with inlet and outlet connecting irrigation and drainage. The term originates from Malayo-Indonesian. The English term, Paddy or Paddi, also originates from the Malayo-Indonesian term, Padi, which means rice plant. The term, Paddy, refers to rice grain with husk in West Africa of SSA. Most of the paddy fields in the Asian countries correspond to the definition of the term sawah. Paddy field is almost equivalent to sawah for Asian scientists. However, the term paddy fields refers to just a rice field including upland rice field in West Africa of SSA. Therefore in order to avoid confusion between the terms rice plant, paddy, and the improved man-made rice growth environment through ecological engineering, the authors propose to use the term sawah.