Understanding the uneven distribution of the incidence of homicide in Latin America
Understanding the uneven distribution of the incidence of homicide in Latin America
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyn153
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Concha-Eastman, Alberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briceno-Leon, Roberto;Villaveces, Andres;Concha-Eastman, Alberto
从二十世纪的最后几年一直到二十一世纪初，暴力一直是拉丁美洲的主要公共卫生问题之一，拉丁美洲是世界上暴力造成的死亡率最高的地区之一。然而，这种情况的地理分布似乎并不均衡。方法我们回顾了全球和拉丁美洲关于暴力的流行病学数据，在这里，我们从社会学框架和公共卫生角度讨论了拉丁美洲国家之间的差异。结果：我们的研究结果表明，各国在暴力发生率方面存在显著差异。阿根廷、智利、哥斯达黎加和乌拉圭等国家的暴力死亡率较低；秘鲁、尼加拉瓜、厄瓜多尔、多米尼加共和国、巴拿马和巴拉圭的死亡率中等，巴西、墨西哥、哥伦比亚、萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯和委内瑞拉的死亡率高至极高。与暴力有关的因素包括社会不平等、缺乏就业机会、城市隔离、男子气概文化、当地毒品市场、枪支的可得性和广泛使用酒精。结论观察到的拉丁美洲国家之间的杀人差异在很大程度上可以用国家社会背景和政治模式的差异来解释。在那些杀人率极高的国家，政府应审查其现行政策并采取预防措施。幸运的是，现在在这个方向上越来越有希望取得进展。
Background Throughout the final years of the twentieth century and into the beginning of the twenty-first, violence has been one of the main public health issues in Latin America, a region which has some of the highest mortality rates due to violence in the world. However, there seems to be an uneven geographical distribution of such instances.Methods We reviewed epidemiological data on violence globally and in Latin America, and here, we discuss differences between the Latin American countries in the context of a sociological framework as well as from a public health perspective.Results Our results indicate marked differences by country in terms of rates of violence. Countries such as Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, have low violence mortality rates; Peru, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Panama, and Paraguay have moderate rates, and Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras and Venezuela have high to extremely high mortality rates. Factors related to violence include social inequalities, lack of employment opportunities, urban segregation, a culture of masculinity, local drug markets, and the availability of firearms and widespread use of alcohol.Conclusion The observed homicide variability between Latin American countries can be explained largely by differences in the countries social contexts and political models. In those countries where homicide rates are extremely high, governments should review their current policies and take preventive actions. Fortunately increasingly nowadays there are promising advancements in that direction.