A meta-analysis of human health differences in urban and rural environments
A meta-analysis of human health differences in urban and rural environments
复制标题
城乡环境下人类健康差异的荟萃分析
DOI：
10.1007/s12076-019-00235-z
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
and Peter Nijkamp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masood Gheasi;Noriko Ishikawa;Karima Kourtit;and Peter Nijkamp
众所周知，人类健康结果不仅受到个人身体和社会经济状况的影响，而且还受到外部环境条件以及基于地点的经济和地理情况的影响。近几十年来，大量的研究探讨了农村和城市地区之间健康结果差异的背景。农村生活方式比城市生活方式更健康吗？这导致了大量关于人类健康以及生活和工作的地理差异的研究。区域或城市特征对健康结果的影响在不同研究/国家之间往往不一致。一个似乎很重要的重要因素是对健康和城市化的模糊定义，以及区域内异质性的存在（如市中心地区）。在本研究中，我们对现有的关于空间和健康指标的文献进行了系统的审查，其基础是对所涉及的基本机制进行了广泛而简明的概述。接下来，我们提供了一个定量的研究综合的帮助下发表的研究自我评价/自我报告的身体健康状况在农村和城市地区的荟萃分析。我们的元分析回归分析结果表明，农村和城市地区之间没有明显令人信服的差异;然而，农村地区的人们似乎认为自己比城市居民略健康。此外，我们观察到，自我评定/报告的健康状况一般/较差也高度依赖于一些个人和社会经济因素;从个人角度来看，教育、成瘾、体育活动和居住时间似乎起着重要作用，而从社会经济角度来看，特别是社区预测措施（例如国内生产总值、人口、失业率）似乎产生了重大影响。
Human health outcomes are known to be affected not only by individual physical and socio-economic status, but also by external environmental conditions, as well as by place-based economic and geographical circumstances. In recent decades, a large number of studies have addressed the background of differences in health outcomes between rural and urban areas. Are rural ways of living healthier than urban ways of living? This has led to a wealth of studies on human health and the geographical differences of living and working. The effects of regional or urban characteristics on health outcomes are often inconsistent among different studies/countries. An important factor that seems to be important is the ambiguous definition of both health and urbanism, as well as the presence of intra-regional heterogeneity (e.g. inner-city areas). In the present study, we conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on space and health indicators, based on a broad, but concise overview of the underlying mechanisms involved. Next, we provide a quantitative research synthesis with the help of a meta-analysis of published studies on self-rated/self-reported physical health conditions in rural and urban areas. The results from our meta-analytical regression analysis indicate that there is not a clearly convincing difference between rural and urban areas; however, people in rural areas appear to rate themselves slightly healthier than their urban counterparts. In addition, we observe that self-rated/reported fair/poor health is also highly dependent on a number of personal and socio-economic factors; from a personal perspective, education, addiction, physical activity, and duration of residence appear to play a significant role, while, from a socio-economic perspective, in particular, community predictor measures (e.g. gross domestic product, population, unemployment rate) appear to exert a substantial influence.
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评估健康/社会服务规划的移民流：从纽约前往佛罗里达的老年人案例研究
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andy Sharma
通讯作者：
Andy Sharma
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ahs, Annika;Westerling, Ragnar
通讯作者：
Westerling, Ragnar
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Stafford, M;Marmot, M
通讯作者：
Marmot, M
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
A. Parkes;A. Kearns
通讯作者：
A. Parkes;A. Kearns
健康社区：里斯本大都市区社会资本的挑战。
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
H. Nogueira
通讯作者：
H. Nogueira