Human Dimensions of Environmental Change in Siberia
Human Dimensions of Environmental Change in Siberia
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-4569-8_7
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Bergen;S. Hitztaler;V. Kharuk;O. Krankina;T. Loboda;Tingting Zhao;H. Shugart;G. Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Bergen;S. Hitztaler;V. Kharuk;O. Krankina;T. Loboda;Tingting Zhao;H. Shugart;G. Sun
本章提供了社会经济背景，然后综合了基于遥感的案例研究，强调了三个时代人类对西伯利亚景观的主要影响：苏联（1917-1991年）、苏联后早期转型（1991年后开始）和最近/新兴。在1975-2001年期间，基于Landsat的LCLUC数据在东西伯利亚显示的特征模式包括：在苏联时期的高伐木率突然下降，并在1989年后保持低水平，农业（和随后的重新造林）开始下降，1991年之前，成熟针叶林减少，落叶林增加。在遥远的北方，长期以来的多种遥感数据显示，诺里尔斯克镍矿综合体周围的落叶松林退化和死亡。在东西伯利亚，多种遥感数据表明，石油和天然气勘探直接干扰景观，但它们对火灾发生率增加的间接影响更为严重。沿着西伯利亚-中国阿穆尔河边界，在中国一侧的陆地卫星数据中，重新种植和几乎完全清除成熟的针叶树是显而易见的，而西伯利亚一侧则主要是火灾。在最近/新兴时代，西伯利亚的LCLUC受到更大的跨国主义和对其他亚洲国家木材需求增加的影响。石油和天然气开发正在向东西伯利亚转移。管道和基础设施正在建设中，穿越西伯利亚，直接通往太平洋和中国。遥感分析是增加对西伯利亚广大地理区域过去和新出现的环境变化人文因素趋势的了解的一个组成部分。
This chapter provides background on socioeconomic contexts followed by synthesis of remote sensing-based case studies highlighting major human influences on the Siberian landscape during three eras:Soviet(1917–1991),early post-Soviet transformation(starting after 1991), andrecent/emerging. During 1975–2001, Landsat-based LCLUC data in East Siberia showed characteristic patterns including: high rates of logging during the Soviet era that declined abruptly and remained low after 1989, a decline in agriculture (and subsequent reforestation) beginning prior to 1991, and a decline in mature conifer and increase in deciduous forest. In the far north, multiple remote sensing data over time demonstrated the degradation and mortality of the larch forests surrounding the Norilsk nickel mining complex. In East Siberia, multiple remote sensing data showed that oil and gas reconnaissance directly disturb the landscape but that their indirect influence on increased fire occurrence is of greater consequence. Along the Siberia-China Amur River border, replanting and the almost complete removal of mature conifer are evident in Landsat data on the Chinese side, whereas fire predominates on the Siberian side. In the recent/emerging era, LCLUC in Siberia is being influenced by greater transnationalism and increased demand for wood from other Asian countries. Oil and gas development is shifting to East Siberia. Pipelines and infrastructure are being built across Siberian lands directly to the Pacific and to China. Remote sensing–based analyses have been integral to increased knowledge of past and emerging trends in human dimensions of environmental change across the vast geographic region of Siberia.