Organization of high-level visual cortex in human infants.
Organization of high-level visual cortex in human infants.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms13995
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发表时间：
2017-01-10
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Saxe R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deen B;Richardson H;Dilks DD;Takahashi A;Keil B;Wald LL;Kanwisher N;Saxe R
人类心智和大脑的结构有多少是在出生时就已经确定的，又有多少是由经验形成的？在这篇文章中，我们考虑了外层视觉皮层的测试案例，其中一个高度系统化的功能组织存在于几乎每个正常成年人中，包括偏好行为显著刺激类别的区域，如面部、身体和场景。研究人员开发了一种新的方法，在婴儿观看多种视觉刺激时，用功能磁共振成像扫描醒着的婴儿。在这里，我们报告了4 - 6个月大的婴儿的视觉皮层包含优先响应抽象类别（面孔和场景）的区域，其空间组织与成人相似。然而，婴儿和成人在多个视觉类别上的准确反应概况和活动模式有所不同。这些结果表明，在出生后的几个月内，视觉皮层中类别偏好的大规模组织与成人相似，但随后随着发育而完善。成人的视觉皮层被组织成对面孔和场景等类别做出反应的区域，但尚不清楚这是否取决于经验。在这里，作者测量了4-6个月大的婴儿在看面孔和场景时的大脑活动，发现他们的视觉皮层的组织与成年人相似。
How much of the structure of the human mind and brain is already specified at birth, and how much arises from experience? In this article, we consider the test case of extrastriate visual cortex, where a highly systematic functional organization is present in virtually every normal adult, including regions preferring behaviourally significant stimulus categories, such as faces, bodies, and scenes. Novel methods were developed to scan awake infants with fMRI, while they viewed multiple categories of visual stimuli. Here we report that the visual cortex of 4–6-month-old infants contains regions that respond preferentially to abstract categories (faces and scenes), with a spatial organization similar to adults. However, precise response profiles and patterns of activity across multiple visual categories differ between infants and adults. These results demonstrate that the large-scale organization of category preferences in visual cortex is adult-like within a few months after birth, but is subsequently refined through development. Adult visual cortex is organized into regions that respond to categories such as faces and scenes, but it is unclear if this depends on experience. Here, authors measured brain activity in 4–6 month old infants looking at faces and scenes and find that their visual cortex is organized similarly to adults.