Engineering synthetic biomolecular condensates.
Engineering synthetic biomolecular condensates.
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DOI：
10.1038/s44222-023-00052-6
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发表时间：
2023-04-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chilkoti, Ashutosh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dai, Yifan;You, Lingchong;Chilkoti, Ashutosh
相分离介导的生物分子凝聚物形成的概念为理解细胞组织和依赖于协同作用的细胞功能提供了一个新的框架。随着人们对生物系统如何驱动相分离以及生物分子凝聚体如何编码细胞功能的理解不断加深，通过合成生物分子凝聚体的工程来控制细胞的机会已经出现。本文就合成生物分子凝聚体的构建及其调控细胞功能进行综述。我们首先描述了生物分子组分驱动相分离的基本原理。接下来，我们讨论了凝析油的性质与其细胞功能之间的关系，这为设计可编程合成凝析油的组件提供了信息。最后，我们描述了合成生物分子凝聚体在细胞控制方面的最新应用，并讨论了一些设计考虑和前景应用。生物分子凝聚物的相分离为理解细胞组织和功能提供了一个新的框架。本文综述了合成分子凝聚体作为合成生物学新范式在细胞功能调控中的应用及设计考虑。可提取工程合成凝析油的分子规律。凝析油的性质和分区化的好处决定了它们的功能。凝聚体编码细胞功能的空间规则。设计考虑会影响合成冷凝系统的功能。新的细胞功能可以通过合成冷凝物进行独特的调节。
The concept of phase-separation-mediated formation of biomolecular condensates provides a new framework to understand cellular organization and cooperativity-dependent cellular functions. With growing understanding of how biological systems drive phase separation and how cellular functions are encoded by biomolecular condensates, opportunities have emerged for cellular control through engineering of synthetic biomolecular condensates. In this Review, we discuss how to construct synthetic biomolecular condensates and how they can regulate cellular functions. We first describe the fundamental principles by which biomolecular components can drive phase separation. Next, we discuss the relationship between the properties of condensates and their cellular functions, which informs the design of components to create programmable synthetic condensates. Finally, we describe recent applications of synthetic biomolecular condensates for cellular control and discuss some of the design considerations and prospective applications. Phase separation of biomolecular condensates provides a new framework to understand cellular organization and functions. In this Review, the authors discuss the applications and design considerations of synthetic biomolecular condensates to regulate cellular functions as a new paradigm for synthetic biology. Molecular rules can be extracted for engineering synthetic condensates. The properties of condensates and the benefits of compartmentalization dictate their functions. Condensates encode spatial regulations for cellular functions. Design considerations influence the function of synthetic condensation systems. New cellular functions can be uniquely modulated by synthetic condensates.