Accommodation of East African Rifting Across the Turkana Depression

Accommodation of East African Rifting Across the Turkana Depression
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图尔卡纳凹陷东非裂谷的调节

DOI:
10.1029/2019jb018469
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Temtime, T.
Temtime, T.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Knappe, E.;Bendick, R.;Ebinger, C.;Birhanu, Y.;Lewi, E.;Floyd, M.;King, R.;Kianji, G.;Mariita, N.;Temtime, T.

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埃塞俄比亚南部和肯尼亚北部图尔卡纳凹陷的大地测量结果限制了从埃塞俄比亚的单一裂谷延伸到肯尼亚和乌干达的平行裂谷的运动学接力。该区域的全球定位系统站记录到的向东延伸的总长度约为4.7毫米/年,与ITRF14欧拉极的努比亚-索马里角速度一致。延伸在局部结构上被划分为高应变率,而在地势较高的地区,如横跨埃塞俄比亚高原,被划分为低应变率。在没有高地形的地方,埃塞俄比亚主要裂谷和东部裂谷之间的延伸完全通过图尔卡纳湖上和紧邻图尔卡纳湖以东的局部延伸传递(图尔卡纳湖以东每年高达0.2微应变)。图尔卡纳凹陷中观察到的活动伸展的尺度和位置与力学模型预测的分布伸展不一致,这是由于继承的岩石圈软弱或与现代伸展方向倾斜的重新激活的构造。
Geodetic observations in the Turkana Depression of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya constrain the kinematic relay of extension from a single rift in Ethiopia to parallel rifts in Kenya and Uganda. Global Position System stations in the region record approximately 4.7 mm/year of total eastward extension, consistent with the ITRF14 Euler pole for Nubia‐Somalia angular velocity. Extension is partitioned into high strain rates on localized structures and lower strain rates in areas of elevated topography, as across the Ethiopian Plateau. Where high topography is absent, extension is relayed between the Main Ethiopian Rift and the Eastern Rift across the Turkana Depression exclusively through localized extension on and immediately east of Lake Turkana (up to 0.2 microstrain/year across Lake Turkana). The observed scaling and location of active extension in the Turkana Depression are inconsistent with mechanical models predicting distributed stretching due to either inherited lithospheric weakness or reactivated structures oblique to the present‐day extension direction.
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