Forest recovery of areas deforested by fire increases with elevation in the tropical Andes
Forest recovery of areas deforested by fire increases with elevation in the tropical Andes
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热带安第斯山脉因火灾而毁林的地区的森林恢复随着海拔的升高而增加
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.011
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schleuning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lippok;Renison;Gallegos;Saavedra;Hensen;Schleuning
在热带安第斯山脉，许多山地森林被摧毁，往往是由于人为火灾。为了促进这些森林的恢复，重要的是要了解在森林砍伐现场驱动次生演替的过程，但研究很少。有两个重要的过滤器可能造成热带森林恢复的延迟，即随着距离森林边缘的距离而减少的种子雨（种子传播限制）和砍伐森林地点的恶劣环境条件。此外，演替途径沿着海拔梯度可以不同，但驱动海拔差异的因素知之甚少。在玻利维亚的安第斯山脉，我们比较了土壤性质，小气候和光的可用性在森林砍伐的网站与条件在邻近的森林和采样木本次生植被附近（在20米的距离）和远离（在80米）的森林边缘在8个网站，已被砍伐森林的火灾范围从1950米到2500米asl。我们测试了距离林缘和海拔对环境条件的影响，并对断面积，密度，物种丰富度和森林和非森林物种的物种组成。在大多数测量参数中，森林内部和森林砍伐区的环境条件不同。木本次生植被包括更多的非森林（80%）比森林物种（20%），表明山地森林恢复受到严重阻碍。未预料到的是，断面积和物种丰富度的森林和非森林物种都高于远离林缘。森林和非森林物种的密度随着海拔的增加而增加，而物种丰富度只在森林物种中随着海拔的增加而增加。物种组成不随距林缘距离的变化而变化，但随海拔高度的变化显著。我们的研究结果拒绝了种子传播限制对森林恢复产生强烈影响的假设，但提供了证据表明，恶劣的环境条件，即，炎热干燥的小气候和频繁的火灾阻碍了被砍伐森林地区的森林恢复。随着海拔的增加，森林恢复增加，可能是由于温和的环境条件在高海拔和不同的物种源池。我们的结论是，非生物和生物的变化与海拔高度是至关重要的理解能力的森林恢复在山区生态系统和强调，森林恢复可能会进一步减少，在未来，如果最高气温将增加在热带安第斯山脉。从管理的角度来看，我们建议Myrsine coriacea，最丰富的森林物种在砍伐后的网站，是一个合适的物种，山地森林恢复，由于其长距离传播和火灾后重新发芽的能力。
In the tropical Andes, many montane forests have been destroyed, often through human-induced fires. To facilitate the recovery of these forests, it is important to understand the processes that drive secondary succession at deforested sites, yet studies are rare. Two important filters potentially causing a delay in the recovery of tropical forests are decreasing seed rain with distance to forest edge (seed dispersal limitation) and harsher environmental conditions at deforested sites. Moreover, successional pathways along elevation gradients can differ, yet the factors driving elevation differences are poorly understood. In the Bolivian Andes, we compared soil properties, microclimate and light availability at deforested sites with conditions in the adjacent forests and sampled woody secondary vegetation near (at 20m distance) and away (at 80m) from the forest edge at eight sites that had been deforested by fires ranging from 1950m to 2500m asl. We tested the effects of distance to forest edge and elevation on environmental conditions and on basal area, density, species richness and species composition of forest and non-forest species. Environmental conditions differed between forest interiors and deforested areas in most of the measured parameters. Woody secondary vegetation comprised more non-forest (80%) than forest species (20%), indicating that montane forest recovery was strongly hampered. Unexpectedly, basal area and species richness of both forest and non-forest species were higher away than near the forest edge. Density increased with increasing elevation in both forest and non-forest species, while species richness increased with increasing elevation only in forest species. Species composition did not change with distance to forest edge, but changed significantly with elevation. Our findings reject the hypothesis of a strong effect of seed dispersal limitation on forest recovery, but provide evidence that harsh environmental conditions, i.e., hot and dry microclimates and frequent fires, inhibit forest recovery at deforested sites. With increasing elevation, forest recovery increased, probably due to milder environmental conditions at high elevations and a different species source pool. We conclude that abiotic and biotic changes with elevation are crucial for understanding capabilities of forest recovery in mountain ecosystems and highlight that forest recovery may be further reduced in the future if maximum temperatures are going to increase in the tropical Andes. From a management perspective, we propose Myrsine coriacea, the most abundant forest species at deforested sites, to be a suitable species for montane forest restoration, due to its ability for long-distance dispersal and resprouting after fire.
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