Ecological relative risk (EcoRR):: another approach for risk assessment of pesticides in agriculture
Ecological relative risk (EcoRR):: another approach for risk assessment of pesticides in agriculture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0167-8809(01)00258-4
复制
发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Kennedy, IR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sánchez-Bayo, F;Baskaran, S;Kennedy, IR
开发了一种特定地点的方法来评估和比较农业农药对生态系统构成的生态毒理风险。生态相对风险(EcoRR)是比较不同植保产品之间相对风险的综合评分指标，用于评估其残留在农业系统中后可能产生的生态影响。EcoRR模型基于风险评估的标准框架(例如PEC/毒性)，但考虑了残留物的持久性和生态系统的生物多样性等因素。暴露模块考虑一种物质的环境浓度、其持久性、生物累积和暴露在几个环境隔间(水、沉积物、土壤、植被、空气)中的可能性。毒性模块考虑到受影响生态系统的生物多样性，因此所使用的端点是根据特定环境区划中每个分类群的比例贡献来加权的。每个隔间和受影响区域的EcoRR得分都是独立计算的，因此可以精确地确定风险将在哪里发生。通过实例说明了EcoRR得分的计算过程，并对模型进行了灵敏度分析。作为案例研究，还给出了拟用于棉花开发的37种农药的模拟风险评估。在先前由喷雾漂移模型定义的区域中，使用逸度模型11获得曝光数据。对脊椎动物和甲壳类动物的毒性数据来自几个数据库，生物多样性数据来自当地来源。在正常生长季节和洪水期间，计算了农场内和非农场每个隔室的EcoRR分数，并讨论了所有杀虫剂的比较相对评估。对于一些分类群，EcoRR分数也被与使用商数的传统评估进行了比较。在水生和陆地环境中，在某些情况下，这两种模型之间显示出良好的相关性。显然，EcoRR得分充分反映了这些化学品对生态系统的潜在风险，尽管它们对敏感物种的毒性的依赖程度低于简单的商数。这种方法既可以与田间测量数据一起使用，也可以与模型预测数据一起使用，因此可以在新化学品应用于农作物之前测试其管理选择。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
A site-specific methodology was developed to assess and compare the ecotoxicological risk that agricultural pesticides pose to ecosystems. The ecological relative risk (EcoRR) is a composite scoring index for comparing relative risks between different plant protection products, and is used to assess the potential ecological impact their residues have after being applied to agricultural systems. The EcoRR model is based on standard frameworks for risk assessment (e.g. PEC/toxicity), but takes account of factors such as persistence of residues and biodiversity of ecosystems. The exposure module considers the environmental concentrations of a substance, its persistence, bioaccumulation and probability of exposure in several environmental compartments (water, sediment, soil, vegetation, air). The toxicity module takes into account the biodiversity of the ecosystems affected, whereby the endpoints used are weighted by the proportional contribution of each taxon in a given environmental compartment. EcoRR scores are calculated independently for each compartment and affected areas, thus enabling pinpointing of where risks will occur. The procedure to calculate EcoRR scores is explained using an example, and a sensitivity analysis of the model is included. A simulated risk assessment of 37 pesticides intended for use in a cotton development is also given as a case study. Exposure data were obtained using fugacity model 11 in areas previously defined by spray drift models. Toxicity data to vertebrate taxa and crustaceans were obtained from several databases, and biodiversity data from local sources. EcoRR scores were calculated for each compartment both on- and off-farm, during a normal growing season and during a flood, and a comparative relative assessment for all pesticides is discussed. EcoRR scores were also compared to traditional assessments using quotients for some taxa. in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, revealing a good correlation between both models in some cases. It is apparent that EcoRR scores reflect adequately the potential risk of those chemicals to ecosystems, though they are less dependent on toxicity to sensitive species than the simple quotient. This methodology can be used either with field measured data or model predicted data, so management options for new chemicals can be tested prior to their application on crops. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.