Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future.
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DOI:
10.1136/svn-2017-000101
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发表时间:
2017-12
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Wang Y
Wang Y
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jiang F;Jiang Y;Zhi H;Dong Y;Li H;Ma S;Wang Y;Dong Q;Shen H;Wang Y

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人工智能(AI)旨在模仿人类的认知功能。在医疗保健数据可用性的增加和分析技术的快速进步的推动下,它正在给医疗保健带来范式转变。我们调查了人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用现状并讨论了其未来。人工智能可以应用于各种类型的医疗数据(结构化和非结构化)。流行的人工智能技术包括针对结构化数据的机器学习方法,如经典的支持向量机和神经网络,以及现代的深度学习,以及针对非结构化数据的自然语言处理。使用人工智能工具的主要疾病领域包括癌症、神经病学和心脏病学。然后,我们更详细地回顾人工智能在脑卒中的应用,包括早期检测和诊断、治疗以及结果预测和预后评估三个主要领域。最后,我们讨论了 IBM Watson 等先锋人工智能系统,以及现实生活中部署人工智能的障碍。
Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic human cognitive functions. It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare, powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques. We survey the current status of AI applications in healthcare and discuss its future. AI can be applied to various types of healthcare data (structured and unstructured). Popular AI techniques include machine learning methods for structured data, such as the classical support vector machine and neural network, and the modern deep learning, as well as natural language processing for unstructured data. Major disease areas that use AI tools include cancer, neurology and cardiology. We then review in more details the AI applications in stroke, in the three major areas of early detection and diagnosis, treatment, as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation. We conclude with discussion about pioneer AI systems, such as IBM Watson, and hurdles for real-life deployment of AI.
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