People adopt optimal policies in simple decision-making, after practice and guidance
People adopt optimal policies in simple decision-making, after practice and guidance
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-016-1135-1
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Brown, Scott D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Nathan J.;Brown, Scott D.
做出重复简单决定的生物体面临着紧急策略和谨慎策略之间的权衡。虽然动物可以在这种权衡中采取统计上的最佳政策，但有关人类决策者的研究结果却好坏参半。一些研究表明，人们可以优化这种“速度与准确性的权衡”，而另一些研究则发现了过度谨慎的系统性偏见。这些问题推动了理论发展，并引发了关于人类决策本质的争论。我们基于人类和动物决策研究之间通常存在差异的两个因素，研究了这场争论的潜在解决方案：实践的影响和长期反馈的影响。我们的研究重复了这样的发现：大多数人默认情况下都过于谨慎。当给予实践和详细反馈时，人们迅速走向最优策略，许多参与者在不到 1 小时的实践中就达到了最优。我们的研究结果对简单决策的认知和神经模型具有理论意义，也具有方法论意义。
Organisms making repeated simple decisions are faced with a tradeoff between urgent and cautious strategies. While animals can adopt a statistically optimal policy for this tradeoff, findings about human decision-makers have been mixed. Some studies have shown that people can optimize this "speed-accuracy tradeoff", while others have identified a systematic bias towards excessive caution. These issues have driven theoretical development and spurred debate about the nature of human decision-making. We investigated a potential resolution to the debate, based on two factors that routinely differ between human and animal studies of decision-making: the effects of practice, and of longer-term feedback. Our study replicated the finding that most people, by default, are overly cautious. When given both practice and detailed feedback, people moved rapidly towards the optimal policy, with many participants reaching optimality with less than 1 h of practice. Our findings have theoretical implications for cognitive and neural models of simple decision-making, as well as methodological implications.