Ambiguity and the 'mental eye' in pictorial relief
Ambiguity and the 'mental eye' in pictorial relief
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DOI：
10.1068/p3030
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Todd, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koenderink, JJ;van Doorn, AJ;Todd, JT
场景的照片并不决定场景，因为无限多不同的场景可以产生任何给定的照片。在心理物理学实验中，观察者必须（至少部分地）解决这些模糊性。模糊性也允许他们在“真实”反应的空间内改变他们的反应。这样的变化很可能被称为“旁观者的份额”，因为它们不依赖于可用的深度线索。我们确定了四个观察员，四个刺激，和四个不同的任务的图形救济。在所有情况下，我们都解决了可靠性（重复试验的分散性）和一致性（通过光滑表面，任何表面可以解释数据的程度）的问题。所有数据都转换为深度图，使我们能够比较不同操作的浮雕。正如预期的那样，图像浮雕可以在观察者之间（相同的刺激，相同的任务）或操作之间（相同的观察者，相同的刺激）有很大的不同。然而，当我们排除基本的模糊性时，这些差异几乎完全消失，并且在任务和观察者方面达成了极好的一致。因此，观察者通常以特殊的方式解决模糊性，但双方都同意-即使在任务中-只要他们的反应是因果关系依赖于深度线索。任务的改变往往会引起“心理视角”的改变：在这种情况下，观察者会改变“旁观者的份额”，这通过改变他们“心理之眼”的视角来解决基本的模糊性。
Photographs of scenes do not determine scenes in the sense that infinitely many different scenes could have given rise to any given photograph. Tn psychophysical experiments, observers have (at least partially) to resolve these ambiguities. The ambiguities also allow them to vary their response within the space of 'veridical' responses. Such variations may well be called 'the beholder's share' since they do not depend causally on the available depth cues. We determined the pictorial relief for four observers, four stimuli, and four different tasks. In all cases we addressed issues of reliability (scatter on repeated trials) and consistency (how well the data can be explained via a smooth surface, any surface). All data were converted to depth maps which allows us to compare the relief from the different operationalisations. As expected, pictorial relief can differ greatly either between observers (same stimulus, same task) or between operationalisations (same observer, same stimulus). However, when we factor out the essential ambiguity, these differences almost completely vanish and excellent agreement over tasks and observers pertains. Thus, observers often resolve the ambiguity in idiosyncratic ways, but mutually agree - even over tasks - in so far as their responses are causally dependent on the depth cues. A change of task often induces a change in 'mental perspective: In such cases, the observers switch the 'beholder's share', which resolves the essential ambiguity through a change in viewpoint of their 'mental eye'.