Biological control of cotton pests in China
Biological control of cotton pests in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.06.004
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wu, Kongming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luo, Shuping;Naranjo, Steven E.;Wu, Kongming
棉花是我国最重要的经济作物之一，而虫害是制约棉花生产的主要因素。以生物防治为主的害虫综合治理策略已得到广泛应用。中国棉花系统中已报道的天敌近500种，但对这些天敌的研究较少。本文记述了鳞翅目害虫的主要捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌53属76种，刺吸式害虫的天敌29属46种。此外，微孢子虫、真菌、细菌和病毒也是棉花害虫的重要天敌。赤眼蜂属，中红侧沟茧蜂、胡瓜钝绥螨、苏云金芽孢杆菌和棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（HaNPV）在我国已大量饲养或商业化生产和应用。在过去的几十年里，中国黄河流域、长江流域和西北地区已经制定并实施了包括文化、生物、物理和化学控制在内的棉花害虫综合防治策略。近年来，Bt棉作为一种选择性抗棉铃虫的棉花品种得到了广泛的应用。棉铃虫、红铃虫、棉红铃虫和其他鳞翅目害虫物种。由于杀虫剂喷洒量的减少，Bt棉田天敌数量的增加有效地防止了其他害虫如棉蚜的爆发。相比之下，由于Bt棉花中用于控制棉铃虫的叶面杀虫剂施用量的减少，盲蝽的种群急剧增加，并且现在构成棉花生产中的关键问题。针对棉花生产中的这一新害虫问题，中国正在制定包括生物防治措施在内的防治策略。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in China, while insect pest damage is the major restriction factor for cotton production. The strategy of integrated pest management (IPM), in which biological control plays an important role, has been widely applied. Nearly 500 species of natural enemies have been reported in cotton systems in China, but few species have been examined closely. Seventy-six species, belonging to 53 genera, of major arthropod predators and parasitoids of lepidoptera pests, and 46 species, belonging to 29 genera, of natural enemies of sucking pests have been described. In addition, microsporidia, fungi, bacteria and viruses are also important natural enemies of cotton pests. Trichogramma spp., Microplitis mediator, Amblyseius cucumeris, Bacillus thuringiensis and Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HaNPV) have been mass reared or commercially produced and used in China. IPM strategies for cotton pests comprising of cultural, biological, physical and chemical controls have been developed and implemented in the Yellow River Region (YRR), Changjiang River Region (CRR) and Northwestern Region (NR) of China over the past several decades. In recent years, Bt cotton has been widely planted for selectively combating cotton bollworm, H. armigera, pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, and other lepidopteran pest species. As a result of reduced insecticide sprays, increased abundance of natural enemies in Bt cotton fields efficiently prevents outbreaks of other pests such as cotton aphids. In contrast, populations of mirid plant bugs have increased dramatically due to a reduction in the number of foliar insecticide applications for control of the bollworms in Bt cotton, and now pose a key problem in cotton production. In response to this new pest issue in cotton production, control strategies including biological control measures are being developed in China. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.