THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IN DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION
THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IN DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1021/ja01196a002
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发表时间：
1947-01-01
影响因子：
15
通讯作者：
NUTTALL, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HARNED, HS;NUTTALL, RL
电解质扩散系数的测定，特别是稀溶液中的扩散系数的问题，困扰了物理化学家六十多年。事实上，过去没有实验证据证明能斯特基本定律的有效性，该定律根据电解质的电特性预测无限稀释时的扩散系数。最近，Harned 和 French2 描述了一种电导法和一些初步实验，通过这些实验获得了浓度在 0.002 至 0.005 N 之间的氯化钾的扩散系数值。他们估计最终结果的准确度为±0.9%，并且在论文的结论中指出，“我们的经验表明，可以实现准确度的显着提高。”我们现在将描述一种改进的设备和技术，我们相信这是该问题的实验解决方案。所描述的结果在浓度0.001至0.01N范围内，适合检验理论。它们的准确度约为 0.1%，这足以确保它们用作其他方法（特别是隔膜池方法）校准的标准。
The problem of the determination of diffusion coefficients of electrolytes, particularly in dilute solutions, has perplexed physical chemists for more than sixty years. Indeed, in the past, there has been no experimental evidenceto prove the validity of Nernst’s1 fundamental law which pre-dicts the diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution from the electrical properties of the electrolytes. Recently, Harned and French2 have described a conductance method and some preliminary experi-ments by which they obtained values of the diffu-sion coefficient of potassium chloride at concentra-tions between 0.002 and 0.005 N. They estimate the accuracy of their final results to be±0.9% and, in the concluding sentence of their paper, they stated that “our experience indicates that considerable improvement in accuracy can be effected.” We shall now describe an improved apparatus and technique which we believe is an experimental solution to this problem. The results to be de-scribed are in the region of concentration 0.001 to 0.01 N, suitable for testing the theory. Their ac-curacy is ofthe order of 0.1% which is sufficient to assure their use as standards for the calibration of other methods, in particular the diaphragm cell method.