Homeless in America, Homeless in California
Homeless in America, Homeless in California
复制标题
美国无家可归者，加利福尼亚州无家可归者
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
E. Smolensky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Quigley;S. Raphael;E. Smolensky
人们普遍认为，美国无家可归现象的增加是由广泛的社会因素造成的，例如精神病患者收容制度的改变、吸毒和酗酒的增加等等。本文对另一种假设进行了全面的检验，即无家可归者的变化是由住房市场和收入分配的变化引起的。我们基本上收集了所有关于美国城市地区无家可归者的系统信息：人口普查计数、庇护所床位计数、转移支付记录和行政机构估计。我们使用四个不同的数据样本来估计类似的统计模型，这些数据样本是根据非常不同的标准定义的。我们的研究结果表明，控制住房供应和定价的简单经济原则，以及对最低质量住房需求的增长，解释了美国大都市住房市场中无家可归者的很大一部分差异。此外，租赁住房的可负担性或可获得性的适度改善可以大大减少美国无家可归的发生率。
It is generally believed that the increased incidence of homelessness in the United States has arisen from broad societal factors, such as changes in the institutionalization of the mentally ill, increases in drug addiction and alcohol usage, and so forth. This paper presents a comprehensive test of the alternate hypothesis that variations in homelessness arise from changed circumstances in the housing market and in the income distribution. We assemble essentially all the systematic information available on homelessness in U.S. urban areas: census counts, shelter bed counts, records of transfer payments, and administrative agency estimates. We estimate similar statistical models using four different samples of data on the incidence of homelessness, defined according to very different criteria. Our results suggest that simple economic principles governing the availability and pricing of housing and the growth in demand for the lowest-quality housing explain a large portion of the variation in homelessness among U.S. metropolitan housing markets. Furthermore, rather modest improvements in the affordability of rental housing or its availability can substantially reduce the incidence of homelessness in the United States.