Why are sobriety checkpoints not widely adopted as an enforcement strategy in the United States?
Why are sobriety checkpoints not widely adopted as an enforcement strategy in the United States?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00097-0
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fields, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fell, JC;Ferguson, SA;Fields, M
至少在过去的二十年里，美国警方一直使用清醒检查站来执行不清醒驾驶的法律。研究表明，清醒检查站可以有效减少酒后驾驶以及与酒精相关的致命事故。尽管有这些证据，许多警察机构对使用检查站并不热心。我们从所有 50 个州以及哥伦比亚特区收集了有关清醒检查站使用情况的信息。共有 37 个州和哥伦比亚特区报告称，今年至少进行了一两次清醒检查。只有 11 个州报告称每周都会进行检查。由于法律或政策问题，有 13 个州不设置检查站。从经常设置检查点的五个州收集了更详细的信息，并与不经常设置检查点的五个类似州的信息进行了匹配。经常实施检查站计划的州有几个共同特征，例如计划主题、特别工作组和公民活动团体的支持、在检查站使用适度数量的警察以及使用所有可用的资助机制（联邦、州、地方）来支持他们。检查站不频繁的国家声称缺乏资金和警察资源，因此没有设立更多检查站，更喜欢饱和巡逻而不是检查站，因为它们更具“生产力”，并在检查站使用了大量警察。讨论了克服检查站使用障碍的方法。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Sobriety checkpoints have been used by police in the United States for at least the past two decades to enforce impaired driving laws. Research has indicated that sobriety checkpoints are effective in reducing drinking and driving and alcohol-related fatal crashes. Despite this evidence, many police agencies have been unenthusiastic about using checkpoints. Information was collected from all 50 states plus the District of Columbia on the use of sobriety checkpoints. A total of 37 states and the District of Columbia reported conducting sobriety checkpoints at least once or twice during the year. Only 11 states reported that checkpoints were conducted on a weekly basis. Thirteen states do not conduct checkpoints either because of legal or policy issues. More detailed information was collected from five states that conduct checkpoints frequently and matched with information from five similar states that conduct checkpoints infrequently. States with frequent checkpoint programs had several common features such as program themes, support from task forces and citizen activist groups, use of a moderate number of police at the checkpoints, and use of all available funding mechanisms (federal, state, local) to support them. States with infrequent checkpoints claimed a lack of funding and police resources for not conducting more checkpoints, preferred saturation patrols over checkpoints because they were more "productive," and used large numbers of police officers at checkpoints. Ways to overcome perceived barriers to checkpoint use are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.