The emergence of phase separation as an organizing principle in bacteria
The emergence of phase separation as an organizing principle in bacteria
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bpj.2020.09.023
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发表时间：
2021-04-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Biteen, Julie S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azaldegui, Christopher A.;Vecchiarelli, Anthony G.;Biteen, Julie S.
最近对细菌的研究表明，无膜细胞器在细菌细胞的亚细胞组织中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，这些区室的生化功能和组装机制尚未完全表征。本文评估了当前用于研究细菌无膜细胞器的方法，强调了确定通常比真核细胞小一个数量级的细胞中复合物相的局限性，并确定了我们目前关于细菌中无膜细胞器的功能作用的知识中的差距。液-液相分离（LLPS）是一种提出的无膜细胞器组装机制。总体而言，我们概述了评估细菌体内 LLPS 的框架，描述了具有提议的 LLPS 活性的细菌系统，并评论了 LLPS 在细菌中发挥的一般作用以及它如何调节细胞功能。最后，我们对超分辨率显微镜和单分子追踪作为评估细菌凝聚物的工具进行了展望。
Recent investigations in bacteria suggest that membraneless organelles play a crucial role in the subcellular organization of bacterial cells. However, the biochemical functions and assembly mechanisms of these compartments have not yet been completely characterized. This article assesses the current methodologies used in the study of membraneless organelles in bacteria, highlights the limitations in determining the phase of complexes in cells that are typically an order of magnitude smaller than a eukaryotic cell, and identifies gaps in our current knowledge about the functional role of membraneless organelles in bacteria. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is one proposed mechanism for membraneless organelle assembly. Overall, we outline the framework to evaluate LLPS in vivo in bacteria, we describe the bacterial systems with proposed LLPS activity, and we comment on the general role LLPS plays in bacteria and how it may regulate cellular function. Lastly, we provide an outlook for super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule tracking as tools to assess condensates in bacteria.