A Fuzzy Set Approach to Modifiers and Vagueness in Natural Language
A Fuzzy Set Approach to Modifiers and Vagueness in Natural Language
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自然语言修饰语和模糊性的模糊集方法
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.105.3.254
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Caramazza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Hersh;A. Caramazza
语义理论的最新发展，如Labov（1973）和Lakoff（1973）的工作，对意义是精确的这一假设提出了质疑。有人提出，所有术语的含义或多或少都是模糊的，因此，一个术语的适用边界从来不是一个点，而是一个区域，该术语逐渐从适用走向不适用。模糊集理论的发展使人们有可能对自然语言概念的模糊性提供一种形式化的处理。在这篇文章中，命题，自然语言的概念表示为模糊集的意义组件和语言操作员-副词，否定标记，形容词-可以被认为是模糊集上的操作员进行了经验评估。在一系列的实验中，我们探讨了模糊集合理论的应用，如非常小的短语的意义，排序的大，等等。在实验1中，受试者判断的适用性的一组短语的一组不同大小的广场。结果表明，群体解释的短语可以在模糊集理论的框架内的特点。在实验2中获得了类似的结果，其中每个受试者的反应进行了单独分析。虽然受试者的反应，在一般情况下，可以解释的模糊逻辑操作，一个主题的反应，在一个更习惯的风格。实验3和实验4试图通过（a）改变短语的呈现方式和（B）只给受试者一个短语来判断，从而影响口译中的逻辑-惯用区分。总的来说，结果是一致的假设，自然语言的概念和运营商可以更完整，更精确地描述使用模糊集理论的框架。
Recent developments in semantic theory, such as the work of Labov (1973) and Lakoff (1973), have brought into question the assumption that meanings are precise. It has been proposed that the meanings of all terms are to a lesser or greater degree vague, such that, the boundary of the application of a term is never a point but a region where the term gradually moves from being applicable to nonapplicable. Developments in fuzzy set theory have made it possible to offer a formal treatment of vagueness of natural language concepts. In this article, the proposition that natural language concepts are represented as fuzzy sets of meaning components and that language operators—adverbs, negative markers, and adjectives— can be considered as operators on fuzzy sets was assessed empirically. In a series of experiments, we explored the application of fuzzy set theory to the meaning of phrases such as very small, sort of large, and so on. In Experiment 1, subjects judged the applicability of the set of phrases to a set of squares of varying size. The results indicated that the group interpretation of the phrases can be characterized within the framework of fuzzy set theory. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2, where each subject's responses were analyzed individually. Although the responses of the subjects, in general, could be interpreted in terms of fuzzy logical operations, one subject responded in a more idiomatic style. Experiments 3 and 4 were attempts to influence the logical-idiomatic distinction in interpretation by (a) varying the presentation mode of the phrases and by (b) giving subjects only a single phrase to judge. Overall, the results were consistent with the hypothesis that natural language concepts and operators can be described more completely and more precisely using the framework of fuzzy set theory.