Mitigating the effects of insecticides on arthropod biological control at field and landscape scales
Mitigating the effects of insecticides on arthropod biological control at field and landscape scales
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.01.006
复制
发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Isaacs, Rufus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roubos, Craig R.;Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar;Isaacs, Rufus
病虫害综合治理（IPM）项目强调综合运用化学和生物防治等手段，将病虫害数量控制在经济阈值以下。虽然综合策略可能比单独使用一种策略提供更好的长期可持续的害虫抑制，但在许多情况下，杀虫剂和天敌是不相容的。杀虫剂可通过致死性和亚致死性手段破坏天敌，造成害虫死灰复燃或次生虫害暴发。《食品质量保护法》（美国）和《农药可持续使用指令》（欧盟）等立法行动对农业中使用的杀虫剂施加了更大的限制，可能会加强生物防治。在这里，我们重点关注杀虫剂对生物防治的影响，以及可以在不同规模上运作的潜在缓解措施。在农场规模上，可以通过使用选择性杀虫剂、低剂量、特殊配方、创建避难所、特殊施用方法和有针对性的（时间或空间）施用来保护天敌。在景观尺度上，生境质量和组成影响生物防治服务的大小，以及减轻杀虫剂对天敌影响的程度。目前的研究正在梳理农药对天敌的局部和景观影响及其提供的生态系统服务的相对重要性，这一领域的进一步发展将最终为政策制定者和土地管理者提供有关如何通过生境操纵来减轻农药影响的决策信息。(C) 2014爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Integrated pest management (IPM) programs emphasize the combination of tactics, such as chemical and biological control, to maintain pest populations below economic thresholds. Although combining tactics may provide better long-term sustainable pest suppression than one tactic alone, in many cases, insecticides and natural enemies are incompatible. Insecticides can disrupt natural enemies through lethal and sub-lethal means causing pest resurgence or secondary pest outbreaks. Legislative actions such as the Food Quality Protection Act (US) and the Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticides (EU) have placed greater restrictions on insecticides used in agriculture, potentially enhancing biological control. Here we focus on the effects of insecticides on biological control, and potential mitigation measures that can operate at different scales. At the farm scale, natural enemies can be conserved through the use of selective insecticides, low doses, special formulations, creation of refugia, special application methods, and targeted applications (temporal or spatial). At the landscape scale, habitat quality and composition affect the magnitude of biological control services, and the degree of mitigation against the effects of pesticides on natural enemies. Current research is teasing apart the relative importance of local and landscape effects of pesticides on natural enemies and the ecosystem services they provide, and the further development of this area will ultimately inform the decisions of policy makers and land managers in terms of how to mitigate pesticide effects through habitat manipulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.