BEHAVIOR RATHER THAN DIET MEDIATES SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN SEED DISPERSAL BY ASIAN ELEPHANTS
BEHAVIOR RATHER THAN DIET MEDIATES SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN SEED DISPERSAL BY ASIAN ELEPHANTS
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DOI：
10.1890/07-1573.1
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Santamaria, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa;Larrinaga, Asier R.;Santamaria, Luis
动物分散剂的消化生理和运动模式决定了内孢子散布种子的沉积模式。我们结合了亚洲象的饲养试验、萌发试验和GPS遥测数据，以(1)描述亚洲象散布种子的空间尺度；(2)评估食物组成和放牧行为的季节性差异是否转化为种子阴影的差异；以及(3)评估规模和季节模式在两个生态不同的地区之间是否存在差异：斯里兰卡的干燥季风林和缅甸(缅甸)的混合落叶森林。种子滞留时间(平均39.5h，最大114h)和大象移位率(116h平均1988年m)相结合，导致50%的种子散布在1.2公里(平均1222-2105m，最大5772m)内。饲料组成的变化不会影响肠道保留时间和进食种子的萌发。大象的移位时间稍长，缅甸的季节变化较强。因此，在缅甸的旱季，种子传播曲线随距离的延长而季节性变化，但在斯里兰卡则不是这样。种子传播曲线的季节和地理变化是大象运动模式变化的结果，而不是饮食变化对摄入种子命运的影响。
Digestive physiology and movement patterns of animal dispersers determine deposition patterns for endozoochorously dispersed seeds. We combined data from feeding trials, germination tests, and GPS telemetry of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to (1) describe the spatial scale at which Asian elephants disperse seeds; (2) assess whether seasonal differences in diet composition and ranging behavior translate into differences in seed shadows; and (3) evaluate whether scale and seasonal patterns vary between two ecologically distinct areas: Sri Lanka's dry monsoon forests and Myanmar's (Burma) mixed-deciduous forests. The combination of seed retention times (mean 39.5 h, maximum 114 h) and elephant displacement rates (average 1988 m in 116 hours) resulted in 50% of seeds dispersed over 1.2 km (mean 1222-2105 m, maximum 5772 m). Shifts in diet composition did not affect gut retention time and germination of ingested seeds. Elephant displacements were slightly longer, with stronger seasonal variation in Myanmar. As a consequence, seed dispersal curves varied seasonally with longer distances during the dry season in Myanmar but not in Sri Lanka. Seasonal and geographic variation in seed dispersal curves was the result of variation in elephant movement patterns, rather than the effect of diet changes on the fate of ingested seeds.