Extreme Sea-Surface Cooling Induced by Eddy Heat Advection During Tropical Cyclone in the North Western Pacific Ocean
Extreme Sea-Surface Cooling Induced by Eddy Heat Advection During Tropical Cyclone in the North Western Pacific Ocean
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.726306
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Qiu;H. Liang;X. Sun;H. Mao;Dongxiao Wang;Zhenhui Yi;A. Wirasatriya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Qiu;H. Liang;X. Sun;H. Mao;Dongxiao Wang;Zhenhui Yi;A. Wirasatriya
热带气旋(TC)通常由于垂直混合而引起强烈的海面冷却。反过来，表面冷却影响了TCS的强度和轨迹。因此，海表温度与热带气旋的关系是海-气相互作用的重要组成部分。根据波浪滑翔机观测、卫星测高和麻省理工学院大气环流模式(MITgCM)的数值试验，研究了2019年8月3日至10月10日与三个热带气旋(白鹿、玲玲和米塔格)相关的海面冷却。表面冷却在三种不同的TC中不同。TC玲玲距滑浪位置最近，平移速度最慢，强度最强，但在TC白鹿期出现极端降温(1.4)。尽管MITgcm低估了极端冷却，但由混合层内的净热通量、平流和垂直混合驱动的SST趋势在TC-Bailu期间比其他TCS期间更大。平流是TC白鹿期间三项热量平衡中最大的一项，而在其他两次TCS期间平流的热量平衡项很小。有趣的是，极端冷却发生在先前存在的暖涡位置。根据热平衡分析发现，涡流平流输送达到−0.4d，贡献了热量平衡的60%，这归因于涡动引起的极端冷却。我们认为，TC-Bailu导致SST降低，冷涡面积增大，然后冷涡平流到波浪滑翔机附近位置，观察到极端降温。这些发现为波浪滑翔机的利用提供了依据，并有助于改进TCS期间的海-气耦合模式。
A tropical cyclone (TC) usually induces strong sea-surface cooling due to vertical mixing. In turn, surface cooling influences the intensities and tracks of TCs. Therefore, the relationship between sea-surface temperature (SST) and TC is one of the important components of air-sea interaction. Sea-surface cooling associated with three TCs (Bailu, Lingling, and Mitag) was investigated based on wave-glider observations, satellite altimetry, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MITgcm) numerical experiments from August 3rd to October 10th, 2019. Surface cooling varied among the three TCs. TC Lingling had the nearest distance to the wave-glider position, the slowest translation speed, and the strongest intensity of three TCs, but extreme cooling (1.4) occurred during TC Bailu. Although MITgcm underestimated the extreme cooling, the SST trend driven by the net heat flux, advection, and vertical mixing within the mixed layer was greater during TC Bailu than during other TCs. Advection was the largest of the three heat balance terms during TC Bailu, while it was quite small during the other two TCs. Interestingly, the extreme cooling occurred at the position of preexisting warm eddy. Based on heat balance analysis, we found that the eddy-induced heat advection transport reached −0.4/day, contributing 60% of the heat balance; this was attributed to extreme cooling via eddy disturbance. We suggest TC Bailu leads to the decrease in SST and increase in the area of the cold eddy, and then, the cooled-enlarged eddy is advected to the neighbored position of wave glider, which observes the extreme cooling. These findings provide the utilization of wave gliders and help improve air-sea coupled models during TCs.