Innovations in tram and light rail systems
Innovations in tram and light rail systems
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DOI：
10.1243/0954409991531092
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发表时间：
1999-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Topp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Topp
摘要全世界约有350个有轨电车或轻轨交通系统在运行。在经历了1960年代对有轨电车兴趣不大、有轨电车网络大幅削减或完全废弃的时期之后，现在正在发生一场结合了社会学和技术创新的复兴，特别是在北美和西欧。全球有超过100个城市正在考虑引入有轨电车/轻轨系统。在定义了有轨电车和轻轨并介绍了九种不同类型的有轨电车/轻轨之后，本文重点介绍了德国和欧洲城市（如汉诺威、卡尔斯鲁厄、卡塞尔、奥伯豪森、萨尔布吕肯、谢菲尔德和维也纳）目前的创新。社会学的创新包括对城市交通的看法的改变、交通政策的改变、市民眼中的现代有轨电车形象、步行街中的有轨电车或轻轨，以及精心设计的车辆和车站的高度吸引力。在技术方面，创新包括低地板车辆、模块化车辆系统、更轻和更便宜的车辆、车站的高架平台、在公共交通中使用远程信息处理技术对车辆进行中央控制、车辆驱动的交通灯、乘客的动态信息以及铁路和轻轨车辆的轨道共享。最后，有轨电车和轻便铁路系统适合填补公共汽车和地铁之间的差距，其建设费用约为地铁系统的十分之一。
Abstract Some 350 tram or light rail transit (LRT) systems are operated worldwide. After a period of little interest in trams during the 1960s and heavy cutbacks or total abandonment of tram networks, a renaissance combined with sociological and technical innovations is now taking place, especially in North America and Western Europe. More than 100 cities worldwide are considering the introduction of a tram/ LRT system. After defining tram and LRT and dealing with nine different types of tram/LRT, this article focuses on current innovations mainly in German and European cities like Hannover, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Oberhausen, Saarbrücken, Sheffield and Vienna. Sociological innovations encompass a changed perception of urban transport, changed traffic policies, the image of modern trams in the view of the citizens, tram or LRT in pedestrian malls, and the high appeal of well-designed vehicles and stops. On the technical side, innovations include low-floor vehicles, modular vehicle systems, lighter and less expensive vehicles, raised platforms at stops, the use of telematics in public transport for central control of vehicles, traffic lights actuated by vehicles, dynamic information of passengers, and track sharing by railway and LRT vehicles. Finally, tram and LRT systems are appropriate to fill the gap in capacity between bus and metro at construction expenses of about a tenth of a metro system.