The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives
The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.11.012
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发表时间：
2011-02-15
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Hoekstra, A. Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapagain, A. M.;Hoekstra, A. Y.
本文利用较高的空间分辨率和当地实际灌溉数据，对水稻的绿色、蓝色和灰色水足迹进行了全球评估。利用国际贸易和国内生产数据估算了国家稻米生产和消费的水足迹。全球水稻生产的水足迹为784 km（3）/年，平均为1325 m（3）/t，其中48%为绿色，44%为蓝色，8%为灰色。在水稻生产中，渗漏量也高达1025 m3/t。绿色水和蓝色水的比例随时间和空间变化很大。在印度、印度尼西亚、越南、泰国、缅甸和菲律宾，绿色水的比例远远大于蓝色水，而在美国和巴基斯坦，蓝色水的足迹是绿色水的4倍。与国际稻米贸易有关的虚拟水流量为31 km（3）/年。欧盟27国大米产品的消费导致全球每年蒸发2279 Mm（3）的水和178 Mm（3）的污染回流，主要集中在印度。地球仪。泰国、美国和巴基斯坦。与美国和巴基斯坦相比，印度大米消费的水足迹对水资源造成的压力相对较低。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The paper makes a global assessment of the green, blue and grey water footprint of rice, using a higher spatial resolution and local data on actual irrigation. The national water footprint of rice production and consumption is estimated using international trade and domestic production data. The global water footprint of rice production is 784 km(3)/year with an average of 1325 m(3)/t which is 48% green, 44% blue, and 8% grey. There is also 1025 m(3)/t of percolation in rice production. The ratio of green to blue water varies greatly over time and space. In India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines, the green water fraction is substantially larger than the blue one, whereas in the USA and Pakistan the blue water footprint is 4 times more than the green component. The virtual water flows related to international rice trade was 31 km(3)/year. The consumption of rice products in the EU27 is responsible for the annual evaporation of 2279 Mm(3) of water and polluted return flows of 178 Mm(3) around the globe, mainly in India. Thailand, the USA and Pakistan. The water footprint of rice consumption creates relatively low stress on the water resources in India compared to that in the USA and Pakistan. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.