Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
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威胁偏见中的性别差异：创伤后应激障碍中的创伤类型很重要。
DOI：
10.1002/jts.22439
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Inslicht,SabraS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CowdenHindash,AlexandraH;Lujan,Callan;Howard,Meghan;O'Donovan,Aoife;Richards,Anne;Neylan,ThomasC;Inslicht,SabraS
女性被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的比率是男性的两倍。这种性别差异可能与PTSD经历的差异有关（例如，女性中更多的过度警觉）或经历的创伤类型（例如，人际创伤）。我们研究了注意威胁偏见是否与性别，PTSD诊断和/或创伤类型相关。参与者是70名平民和退伍军人（38名女性，32名男性; 41名患有PTSD，29名没有PTSD），他们使用临床医生管理的PTSD量表进行评估，并完成面部点探针注意力偏差任务和精神症状和创伤史的自我报告措施。因子方差分析和回归模型研究性别，创伤后应激障碍诊断，指数创伤类型，一生的创伤经历，和注意力威胁偏见之间的关联。结果显示，与没有创伤后应激障碍的女性以及患有和没有创伤后应激障碍的男性相比，患有创伤后应激障碍的女性对威胁性面部表情表现出注意力偏见，d= 1.19，特别是恐惧表情，d= 0.74。精神症状或早期/一生的创伤并不能解释这些注意力偏差。偏见与人际攻击指数创伤相关，ηp2= 0.13，特别是性攻击，d= 1.19。创伤类型可能是注意威胁偏差发展的一个重要因素，从理论上讲，它会干扰创伤恢复。女性可能更容易表现出注意力威胁偏见，这是由于人际创伤受害的可能性更高，而不是由于性别特异性的心理生物学途径。未来的研究是必要的，以澄清性侵犯单独或与性别相结合，使个人在发展PTSD的风险更高。
Women are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at twice the rate of men. This gender difference may be related to differences in PTSD experiences (e.g., more hypervigilance in women) or types of trauma experienced (e.g., interpersonal trauma). We examined whether attentional threat biases were associated with gender, PTSD diagnosis, and/or trauma type. Participants were 70 civilians and veterans (38 women, 32 men; 41 with PTSD, 29 without PTSD) assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale forDSM‐IVwho completed a facial dot‐probe attention bias task and self‐report measures of psychiatric symptoms and trauma history. Factorial ANOVA and regression models examined associations between gender, PTSD diagnosis, index trauma type, lifetime traumatic experiences, and attentional threat biases. Results revealed that compared to women without PTSD and men both with and without PTSD, women with PTSD demonstrated attentional biases toward threatening facial expressions,d= 1.19, particularly fearful expressions,d= 0.74. Psychiatric symptoms or early/lifetime trauma did not account for these attentional biases. Biases were related to interpersonal assault index traumas, ηp2= .13, especially sexual assault,d= 1.19. Trauma type may be an important factor in the development of attentional threat biases, which theoretically interfere with trauma recovery. Women may be more likely to demonstrate attentional threat biases due to higher likelihood of interpersonal trauma victimization rather than due to gender‐specific psychobiological pathways. Future research is necessary to clarify if sexual assault alone or in combination with gender puts individuals at higher risk of developing PTSD.