Role of inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines in cholangiocyte pathophysiology
Role of inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines in cholangiocyte pathophysiology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.024
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Marzioni, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pinto, Claudio;Giordano, Debora Maria;Marzioni, Marco
胆管细胞是胆管内的上皮细胞，是肝细胞的一个重要亚群。它们参与胆汁体积和成分的改变，并对内源性和外源性刺激作出反应。沿着胆道树，存在两种不同的胆管细胞：小胆管细胞和大胆管细胞。每种类型在生理和病理条件下都有不同的特征和生物学作用，它们的免疫生物学对了解胆道疾病很重要。胆管细胞是抵抗肝胆系统内肠道微生物的第一道防线。事实上，它们表达多种模式识别受体，并可能启动抗菌防御，激活一组细胞内信号级联反应。在对损伤的反应中，通常处于静止状态的胆管细胞变得活跃起来，并通过释放促炎介质和抗菌肽获得神经内分泌样表型，从而支持胆道上皮的完整性。这些分子以自分泌/旁分泌的方式调节胆管细胞生物学并决定胆道损伤的演变。这些机制的失败或失调可能影响胆管病的进展，这是一组选择性靶向胆道细胞的疾病。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注胆管细胞在炎症条件下的反应，特别关注驱动胆管细胞适应损伤的机制。本文是《健康与疾病中的胆管细胞》特刊的一部分，由Jesus Banales， Marco Marzioni， Nicholas LaRusso和Peter Jansen编辑。
Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, are an important subset of liver cells. They are involved in the modification of bile volume and composition, and respond to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Along the biliary tree, two different kinds of cholangiocytes exist: small and large cholangiocytes. Each type has different features and biological role in physiologic and pathologic conditions, and their immunobiology is important for understanding biliary diseases. Cholangiocytes provide the first line of defence against luminal microbes in the hepatobiliary system. Indeed, they express a variety of pattern recognition receptors and may start an antimicrobial defence activating a set of intracellular signalling cascades. In response to injury, cholangiocytes that are normally quiescent become reactive and acquire a neuroendocrine-like phenotype with the release of proinflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides, which support biliary epithelial integrity. These molecules act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to modulate cholangiocyte biology and determine the evolution of biliary damage. Failure or dysregulation of such mechanisms may influence the progression of cholangiopathies, a group of diseases that selectively target biliary cells. In this review, we focus on the response of cholangiocytes in inflammatory conditions, with a particular focus on the mechanism driving cholangiocytes adaptation to damage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.