Collapse of ecosystem carbon stocks due to forest conversion to soybean plantations at the Amazon-Cerrado transition
Collapse of ecosystem carbon stocks due to forest conversion to soybean plantations at the Amazon-Cerrado transition
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亚马逊-塞拉多过渡期间森林转变为大豆种植园导致生态系统碳储量崩溃
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.038
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bonini I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonini I
为了在热带地区建立单一作物而砍伐森林，正在导致生态系统碳储量的大幅减少。亚马逊河流域是这一进程的主要目标，因为在整个过渡期间，农业企业的前沿随着Cerrado生物群--被称为“森林砍伐弧区”的区域--的扩大而扩大。在南美洲两个最大的生物群落之间的广阔联系区域，自1980年以来，原始森林向大豆和牧场系统的转变已导致近500万公顷的森林砍伐。尽管如此，我们缺乏对土地利用对该地区生态系统C储量和池的影响的准确了解。解决这一知识差距对于改进亚马逊地区不同土地使用情景的预测和模型至关重要。为了减少森林砍伐对碳循环影响程度的不确定性，我们在亚马逊南部地形、气候和土壤接近均匀的地貌上对比土地利用系统的碳储量，评估了生态系统碳储量。我们调查了大豆种植园的土壤、凋落物、细根和地上生物量(AGB)碳储量，并将其与残存的天然森林和橡胶种植园进行了比较，认为橡胶种植园是一种对碳循环影响较小的种植制度。结果表明，天然林地退耕还林造成了130.5 mg C ha−1的损失，约是退耕还林时的3倍，即48.5 mg C ha−1。虽然30年生的橡胶林恢复了84%的森林碳储量，但所有人工林类型都造成了至少1/3原始土壤碳的持续损失。两种作物的细根分配在转换后变化剧烈，表明植物养分动态发生了变化。我们的结果表明，多年生和一年生单季作物对碳循环的影响截然不同，这需要在碳-气候模型以及管理亚马逊地区土地使用的公共政策中考虑在内。我们的结果表明，虽然营林有可能恢复以前林区的大部分地上C储量，但无论是营林还是传统农业，一旦在砍伐森林后变得脆弱和氧化，就可能永远不会恢复亚马逊土壤的C储量。如果这种由转化驱动的土壤碳损失在整个亚马逊地区扩大，到2050年，它们将导致土壤碳的累积损失超过5 PG。
Deforestation to establish monocrops in the tropics is causing massive reductions in ecosystem C stocks. Amazonia is a principal targets of this process, owing to the expansion of the agribusiness frontier throughout the transition with the Cerrado biome, the zone known as the “Arc of Deforestation”. In this vast contact region between the two largest South American biomes, the conversion of primary forest to soybean and pasture systems has led to the deforestation of nearly five million hectares since 1980. Despite this, we lack precise understanding of the effects of land use on ecosystem C stocks and pools in this region. Addressing this knowledge gap is crucial to improve predictions and fit models for different land use scenarios in Amazonia. To reduce uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the impacts of deforestation on the C cycle, we evaluated ecosystem C stocks in contrasting land-use systems across a topographically, climatically, and edaphically near-homogeneous landscape in southern Amazonia. We investigated the soil, litter, fine root and aboveground biomass (AGB) C stocks of soybean plantations and compared them to those of remnant native forests and rubber plantations; the latter is considereda priorias a cropping system with low impact on the C cycle. We found that the conversion of native forest to soybean plantation caused a 130.5 Mg C ha−1loss, about threefold higher than the loss when forest is converted to rubber plantations, 48.5 Mg C ha−1. While 30-year old rubber plantations had recovered 84% of forest carbon stocks, all plantation types induced sustained losses of at least one-third of the original soil carbon. Fine root allocation changed sharply in the two crops following conversion, indicating an alteration in plant nutrient dynamics. Our results show that perennial and annual monocrops have very different impacts on the C cycle, which need to be accounted for in carbon-climate models as well as in public policies regulating land use in Amazonia. Our results show that while silviculture has the potential to restore most of the above-ground C stocks of previously forested areas, but neither silviculture nor conventional agriculture may ever restore Amazon soil C stocks once they become vulnerable and oxidized after deforestation. If such conversion-driven soil carbon losses were scaled across the Amazon they would induce a cumulative loss of more than 5 Pg in soil carbon by 2050.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
B. Oliveira;Ben Hur Marimon Júnior;H. A. Mews;M. B. X. Valadão;B. Marimon
通讯作者：
B. Oliveira;Ben Hur Marimon Júnior;H. A. Mews;M. B. X. Valadão;B. Marimon
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Espeleta, J. F.;Clark, D. A.
通讯作者：
Clark, D. A.
亚马逊大豆农田扩张和集约化的分水岭反应
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Neill;M. Coe;S. Riskin;A. Krusche;H. Elsenbeer;M. Macedo;R. McHorney;P. Lefebvre;E. Davidson;Raphael Scheffler;A. Figueira;S. Porder;L. Deegan
通讯作者：
L. Deegan
不同系统的碳和专有技术
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. C. Calonego;C. Santos;C. S. Tiritan;J. R. Júnior
通讯作者：
J. R. Júnior
泰国东北部 Phonpisai 土壤系列上橡胶园的生长和碳储量
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jitti Pinthong
通讯作者：
Jitti Pinthong