Analysis of cartilage differentiation from skeletal muscle grown on bone matrix. II. Chondroitin sulfate synthesis and reaction to exogenous glycosaminoglycans.
Analysis of cartilage differentiation from skeletal muscle grown on bone matrix. II. Chondroitin sulfate synthesis and reaction to exogenous glycosaminoglycans.
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骨基质上生长的骨骼肌的软骨分化分析。
DOI：
10.1016/0012-1606(80)90339-5
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hay,ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nathanson,MA;Hay,ED
在本系列的第一篇论文中(马萨诸塞州Nathanson和Ed Hay(1980)。发展。比奥尔。78,301-331)，我们描述了胚胎骨骼肌在体外用脱钙骨基质诱导形成透明软骨时发生的超微结构变化。本文分析了硫酸软骨素和硫酸皮肤素在原位损伤肌肉以及在骨基质和胶原凝胶上培养的肌肉外植体中的形态特征。我们还观察了外源性糖胺多聚糖对培养的软骨细胞的影响，以确定在此条件下硫酸软骨素(CH-S)和透明质酸(HA)是否能促进或抑制软骨的生化分化。结果表明，在第一个形态阶段，即体外培养的1-3天，两种细胞对硫酸盐的摄取增加，CH-S的相对丰度发生变化，4-硫酸软骨素(CH-4-S)与6-硫酸软骨素(CH-6-S)的比例增加，这种变化与成肌细胞向成纤维细胞样细胞的转化有关。损伤肌肉中CH4-S CH6-S的比例也有类似的增加，提示I相是一种再生反应。骨基质上的外植体在4-5天内维持CH-4-S水平(II期)，在6-10天形成软骨时CH-4-S和硫酸盐掺入显著增加(III期)。胶原凝胶上的外植体在4-10天内再生肌肉，降低了CH-4-S、CH-6-S的比例，减少了硫酸盐的掺入。数据表明，环境的影响，如创伤，足以改变骨骼肌的生物合成表达，并且在适当的条件下(如骨基质的存在)，这种反应可能被增强，导致细胞外基质成分的合成具有软骨的特征。外源CH-S和HA对这一总体格局没有显著影响。这些结果与前一篇论文中提出的形态观测结果相联系进行了讨论。
In the first paper in this series (Nathanson, MA, and Hay, ED (1980). Develop. Biol. 78, 301–331), we described the ultrastructural alterations that take place when embryonic skeletal muscle is induced to form hyaline cartilage by demineralized bone matrix in vitro. In this paper, we analyze the pattern of appearance of chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate in injured muscle in situ and in explants of muscle cultured either on bone matrix or on collagen gel. We also investigate the effects of exogenous glycosaminoglycans on the cultures to determine whether chondroitin sulfate (Ch-S) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can enhance or inhibit the biochemical differentiation of cartilage under these conditions. Our results indicate that during the first morphological phase, 1–3 days in vitro, there is an increased sulfate uptake, a shift in the relative abundance of Ch-S, and an increase in the ratio of chondroitin-4-sulfate (Ch-4-S) to chondroitin-6-sulfate (Ch-6-S); this change is correlated with the transformation of myoblasts to fibroblast-like cells in both types of cultures. A similar increase in the Ch-4-S Ch-6-S ratio occurs in injured muscle in situ, suggesting that phase I is a regenerative response. Explants on bone matrix sustain Ch-4-S levels between 4 and 5 days (phase II) and show a large increase in Ch-4-S and sulfate incorporation when they form cartilage at 6–10 days (phase III). Explants on collagen gels regenerate muscle at 4–10 days with decreasing Ch-4-S Ch-6-S ratios and decreasing sulfate incorporation. The data demonstrate that an environmental influence, such as trauma, is sufficient to alter the biosynthetic expression of skeletal muscle and that under appropriate conditions (such as the presence of bone matrix) this response may be augmented, leading to the synthesis of extracellular matrix components at ratios characteristic of cartilage. Exogenous Ch-S and HA did not significantly effect this overall pattern. These results are discussed in relation to the morphological observations presented in the preceding paper.