From Disaster Response to Community Recovery: Nongovernmental Entities, Government, and Public Health
From Disaster Response to Community Recovery: Nongovernmental Entities, Government, and Public Health
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2018.304895
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Thomas, Herschel F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sledge, Daniel;Thomas, Herschel F.
在这篇文章中，我们考察了非政府实体(NGE；非营利组织、宗教团体和企业)在灾难应对和恢复中的作用。虽然媒体报道和现有的学术文献主要集中在政府的作用上，但非政府企业提供与灾后公共安全和公共卫生有关的关键服务。非政府机构是至关重要的，因为它们有能力迅速提供服务，它们的灵活性，以及它们接触边缘人群的独特能力。为了研究非政府机构的作用，我们调查了115家从事灾难应对的非政府机构。我们还进行了广泛的实地工作，完成了对德克萨斯州、佛罗里达州、波多黎各、北加州和南加州灾后地区NGE和政府机构工作人员的44个小时的半结构化采访。最后，我们整理了非营利组织分布的定量数据。我们发现，除了县际间非营利组织资源的高度差异外，非营利组织还面临着严重的协调和服务交付问题。我们认为，为扩大活跃在灾害组织中的地方志愿组织的能力而提供的联邦资金，将有助于NGE和政府协调应对努力，并确保恢复工作更好地解决潜在的社会和经济脆弱性。
In this article, we examine the role of nongovernmental entities (NGEs; nonprofits, religious groups, and businesses) in disaster response and recovery. Although media reports and the existing scholarly literature focus heavily on the role of governments, NGEs provide critical services related to public safety and public health after disasters. NGEs are crucial because of their ability to quickly provide services, their flexibility, and their unique capacity to reach marginalized populations.To examine the role of NGEs, we surveyed 115 NGEs engaged in disaster response. We also conducted extensive field work, completing 44 hours of semistructured interviews with staff from NGEs and government agencies in postdisaster areas in Texas, Florida, Puerto Rico, Northern California, and Southern California. Finally, we compiled quantitative data on the distribution of nonprofit organizations.We found that, in addition to high levels of variation in NGE resources across counties, NGEs face serious coordination and service delivery problems. Federal funding for expanding the capacity of local Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster groups, we suggest, would help NGEs and government to coordinate response efforts and ensure that recoveries better address underlying social and economic vulnerabilities.