Spiral structures in an embedded protostellar disk driven by envelope accretion

Spiral structures in an embedded protostellar disk driven by envelope accretion
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由包络吸积驱动的嵌入式原恒星盘中的螺旋结构

DOI:
10.1038/s41550-019-0905-x
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
14.1
通讯作者:
Turner, Neal J.
Turner, Neal J.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee, Chin-Fei;Li, Zhi-Yun;Turner, Neal J.

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流体动力学模拟表明,一对旋臂可以在快速生长的年轻恒星周围的圆盘中形成,并且当圆盘从周围的包层中吸积材料时,这些旋臂对于传输角动量至关重要。在这里,我们报告了在原恒星盘中检测到一对对称螺旋结构,支持在正在形成的恒星周围的盘中形成旋臂。 HH 111 VLA 1 源是一个年轻的 I 类源,嵌入在一个巨大的下落原恒星包层中,并且正在积极吸积,驱动着著名的 HH 111 喷流。之前的观察显示,圆盘外缘周围有一圈激波发射,表明包络材料以很高的速率沉积在圆盘上。现在,通过 ALMA 对尘埃颗粒热发射的观测,我们检测到一对从内部区域延伸到圆盘外缘的旋臂,与许多模拟中看到的类似,, –。此外,该圆盘质量很大,在检测到螺旋结构的外部部分中,ToomreQ参数接近一致,这支持了包络吸积导致外圆盘在重力作用下不稳定的观点。在我们的观测中,另一个源,HH 111 VLA 2,首次在空间上被解析,显示出直径约为 26 au 的盘状结构,其方向几乎与 HH 111 VLA 1 盘的方向正交。
Hydrodynamical simulations show that a pair of spiral arms can form in the disk around a rapidly growing young star and that the arms are crucial in transporting angular momentum as the disk accretes material from the surrounding envelope, , –. Here we report the detection of a pair of symmetric spiral structures in a protostellar disk, supporting the formation of spiral arms in the disk around a forming star. The HH 111 VLA 1 source is a young Class I source embedded in a massive infalling protostellar envelope and is actively accreting, driving the prominent HH 111 jet. Previous observations showed a ring of shock emission around the disk’s outer edge, indicating accretion of the envelope material onto the disk at a high rate. Now with ALMA observations of thermal emission from dust particles, we detect a pair of spiral arms extending from the inner region to the disk’s outer edge, similar to that seen in many simulations, , –. Additionally, the disk is massive, with a ToomreQparameter near unity in the outer parts where the spiral structures are detected, supporting the notion that envelope accretion is making the outer disk gravitationally unstable. In our observations, another source, HH 111 VLA 2, is spatially resolved for the first time, showing a disk-like structure with a diameter of ~26 au and an orientation nearly orthogonal to that of the HH 111 VLA 1 disk.
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