The Mammalian Microbiome and Its Importance in Laboratory Animal Research
The Mammalian Microbiome and Its Importance in Laboratory Animal Research
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar/ilv031
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fox, James G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bleich, Andre;Fox, James G.
在这个问题上汇集了10篇迷人的，经过充分研究的论文，描述了以脊椎动物的微生物组为中心的新兴领域，以及这些复杂的微生物种群如何在塑造宿主的稳态中发挥根本作用。论文的内容将涉及细菌，由于这些生物的信息相对缺乏，将不包括对病毒，真菌，原生动物和寄生虫的各种动物殖民的讨论。通过先进的DNA测序方法，可以解剖出可以栖息在动物肠道中的500-1000种细菌的数量和相互作用，这不取决于生物体是否可以培养。实验室动物，特别是啮齿动物，已被证明是不可或缺的组成部分，不仅有助于了解微生物组如何帮助消化和保护宿主免受病原体的侵害，而且有助于了解各种细菌与免疫系统发育的关系。重要的是，这项研究阐明了微生物组如何深刻影响1型糖尿病、代谢综合征、肥胖、自身免疫性关节炎、炎症性肠病和肠易激综合征等疾病的发生和进展的所谓机制。还讨论了使用单种细菌、限制性植物群或最近使用人源性微生物群的无菌小鼠的优势和局限性。
In this issue are assembled 10 fascinating, well-researched papers that describe the emerging field centered on the microbiome of vertebrate animals and how these complex microbial populations play a fundamental role in shaping homeostasis of the host. The content of the papers will deal with bacteria and, because of relative paucity of information on these organisms, will not include discussions on viruses, fungus, protozoa, and parasites that colonize various animals. Dissecting the number and interactions of the 500-1000 bacterial species that can inhabit the intestines of animals is made possible by advanced DNA sequencing methods, which do not depend on whether the organism can be cultured or not. Laboratory animals, particularly rodents, have proven to be an indispensable component in not only understanding how the microbiome aids in digestion and protects the host against pathogens, but also in understanding the relationship of various species of bacteria to development of the immune system. Importantly, this research elucidates purported mechanisms for how the microbiome can profoundly affect initiation and progression of diseases such as type 1 diabetes, metabolic syndromes, obesity, autoimmune arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. The strengths and limitations of the use of germfree mice colonized with single species of bacteria, a restricted flora, or most recently the use of human-derived microbiota are also discussed.