Seasonality and Sex Differences in Travel Distance and Resource Transport in Venezuelan Foragers
Seasonality and Sex Differences in Travel Distance and Resource Transport in Venezuelan Foragers
复制标题
委内瑞拉采集者旅行距离和资源运输的季节性和性别差异
DOI：
10.1086/524760
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Russell D. Greaves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Hilton;Russell D. Greaves
人类学文献一般认为，由于照顾孩子的责任和生育的精力成本，觅食的女性比男性流动性更低。相比之下，对委内瑞拉西南部热带稀树草原平原的资源运输的研究表明，对于某些食物资源，女性的运输距离和相对于体重的资源重量大于男性。男性的觅食通常需要更长的旅行距离，但男性通常会在没有任何阻碍的情况下行走，因为狩猎旅行可能很少或根本没有食物回报，而猎人通常只携带最少的工具。妇女的目标是高度可预测的、可以大量采集的食物，她们经常在采集过程中携带柴火、工具和大篮子的食物，走很远的距离。看来，女性觅食的持续和巨大的回报保证了男性狩猎的巨大精力。
The anthropological literature generally describes forager women as less mobile than men because of their child-care responsibilities and the energetic costs of reproduction. Examination of resource transport among the savanna Pumé of southwestern Venezuela reveals, in contrast, that for certain food resources travel distances and resource weights relative to body weights are greater for women than for men. Male foraging is often associated with greater travel distances, but men frequently walk unencumbered because hunting trips may exhibit low or zero food returns and hunters usually carry only a minimum tool kit. Women, who target highly predictable foods that can be collected in large quantities, frequently carry firewood, tools, and large baskets of food for extended distances during gathering. It appears that the consistent and large returns of female foraging underwrite the large energetic effort of men's hunting.